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withhold an attack

Толкование Перевод

1 withhold an attack

Военный термин: задерживать атаку, задерживать наступление

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > withhold an attack
2 withhold an attack

задерживать наступление [атаку]

English-Russian military dictionary > withhold an attack
3 attack

наступление, наступательный бой; атака; нападение; удар; стрельба; воздействие; высадка десанта; группировка сил и средств для наступательных действий [удара]; наступать; атаковать; наносить удар; нападать; поражать ( цели) ; обстреливать; воздействовать; см. тж. assault, offensive, strike

attack from (march) column (formations) — наступление с ходу [марша]

attack in (successive) waves — наступление с последовательным вводом эшелонов; высадка (морского) десанта «волнами»;

attack on a broad front(age) — наступление на широком фронте

attack on a narrow front(age) — наступление на узком фронте

attack on a wide front(age) — наступление на широком фронте

counter C3 attack — удар по системам оперативного управления и связи

extremely low(-level) bombing attack — бомбометание с предельно малых высот

high (-level) bombing attack — бомбометание с больших высот

level the attack (at) — наносить удар (по)

— absorb an attack

— accidental attack

— advance the attack

— aero-naval attack

— aerospace attack

— agent attack

— air and space attack

— air assault attack

— aircraft biological spray attack

— airfield point attack

— airmobile attack

— air-to-air attack

— air-to-ground attack

— all-azimuth attack

— all-out attack

— alternate attack

— antiarmor top attack

— antisubmarine attack

— antitrade attack

— area attack

— area bombing attack

— area control attack

— armed attack

— armored attack

— artillery attack

— as the attack develops

— AT overflight missile attack

— atomic attack

— attack after advance from depth

— attack after strategic deployment

— attack against an organized position

— attack against deliberate defenses

— attack against hasty defenses

— attack against organized resistance

— attack by fire

— attack by infiltration

— attack by in-placebased forces

— attack conventionally

— attack from circle pattern

— attack from over the horizon

— attack from the line of march

— attack from the march

— attack from the move

— attack in a forested area

— attack in force

— attack in strength

— attack in the depth of hostile position

— attack of a river line

— attack of a wooded area

— attack on a single axis

— attack over

— attack piecemeal

— attack to force a crossing

— attack with living agents

— attack with pathogenic microorganisms

— bacteriological attack

— ballistic missile attack

— battalion-sized attack

— be engaged in the attack

— beat off an attack

— belly attack

— beyond visual range attack

— biological attack

— blanket attack

— blind attack

— block an attack

— blunting attack

— bolt-from-the-blue attack

— bombing attack

— bombing-missile air attack

— bore in for the attack

— break off an attack

— break the attack

— break through attack

— break up an attack

— break-in attack

— break-off attack

— brute force frontal attack

— build up for an attack

— busting attack

— bypass attack

— canalize an attack

— carrier-based attack

— carrier-borne attack

— catalytic attack

— channelize an attack

— chemical agent attack

— chemical energy attack

— chemical warfare attack

— chemical weapon attack

— clear-air mass attack

— clearing-the-built-up area attack

— close-in attack

— combined air attack

— combined arms attack

— combined attack

— commit to attack

— company-sized attack

— compromise an attack

— concentrated attack

— concentrated bombing attack

— concerted attack

— confront the attack

— contain an attack

— containment attack

— conventional attack

— converging axis attack

— coordinated attack

— counter attack

— counterair attack

— countercity attack

— counterdiversionary attack

— countereconomy attack

— countermeasure an impending attack

— covert attack

— crack an attack

— cushion the attack

— daylight attack

— daylight bombing attack

— daytime attack

— deal with an attack

— dedicated attack

— deep penetration attack

— defer attack

— deferred air attack

— deliberate attack

— deliberate surprise nuclear attack

— deliver an attack

— demonstration attack

— depressed trajectory attack

— destroy an attack

— deter an attack

— develop the attack

— developing attack

— direct iron bomb attack

— direct iron rocket attack

— direct the main attack

— disconnected attack

— discontinue the attack

— discourage an attack

— dislocate an attack

— dismounted attack

— disorganize an attack

— disrupt an attack

— dive air attack

— dive-bombing attack

— diversionary attack

— divert an attack

— diverting attack

— divide an attack

— divided air attack

— divisional attack

— double enveloping attack

— drifting gas attack

— drive home an attack

— drive off an attack

— dummy attack

— ECM attack

— eject the attack

— elevated-trajectory attack

— encirclement attack

— encounter attack

— enveloping attack

— environmental attack

— EW attack

— exhaustion attack

— exploratory attack

— explosive attack

— extraterrestrial attack

— face an attack

— fake attack

— feigned attack

— feint an attack

— feint attack

— fire attack

— first-pass ground attack

— first-run attack

— first-strike attack

— first-strike disarming attack

— first-strike surprise attack

— fixing attack

— flank attack

— follow-on attack

— follow-on forces attack

— forestalling attack

— four-step attack

— frontal attack

— gas attack

— glide air attack

— GM attack

— GM submarine attack

— ground attack

— ground chemical attack

— ground target attack from a pop-up maneuver

— ground target attack in flights

— group air attack

— group bombing attack

— group drone attack

— guerrilla attack

— guided bomb attack

— gun attack

— hard-target counterforce attack

— hasty attack

— head-on attack

— heavy attack

— helicopter-borne infantry attack

— herbicidal attack

— high-confidence attack

— high-density bombing attack

— high-density missile attack

— high-level attack

— hold off an attack

— holding attack

— homing attack

— hypothetical attack

— illuminated night attack

— immediate attack

— impending nuclear attack

— indiscriminate attack

— individual air attack

— individual attack

— individual bombing attack

— infantry attack

— infantry-armor attack

— infantry-paced attack

— initial attack

— in-place unreinforced attack

— intended attack

— intercontinental ballistic attack

— invite an attack

— isolation attack

— keep up attacks

— kinetic energy attack

— landing attack

— laydown attack

— left-flank attack

— limited objective attack

— liquid fire attack

— live attack

— local attack

— loft air attack

— long-range attack

— look-down/shoot-down attack

— loop attack

— low-level attack

— low-level bombing attack

— low-low attack

— main attack

— major attack

— maneuvering attack

— massive air attack

— massive attack

— massive first strike attack

— massive ground attack

— massive preemptive nuclear attack

— mechanized flame attack

— medium-level bombing attack

— megaton attack

— military attack

— mine attack

— minimum warning attack

— missile attack

— mobile attack

— mock air attack

— mortar attack

— mounted attack

— multidimensional attack

— multiple axes attack

— multiple nuclear attack

— multiple pronged attack

— multiple warhead attack

— multiple-pass attack

— napalm attack

— near zero angle attack

— night attack

— night-time bombing attack

— nonilluminated night attack

— no-notice attack

— nuclear attack

— nuclear fire attack

— nuclear supported attack

— nuclear-missile attack

— nuisance attack

— obliteration attack

— off-target attack

— off-the-march attack

— on-call air attack

— on-target attack

— open an attack

— open attack with biological weapons

— open attack

— outer space attack

— overt attack

— over-the-ground attack

— over-the-shoulder air attack

— peripheral attack

— pinpoint attack

— poise for attack

— pop-up attack

— potential attack

— preempt an attack

— preparatory attack

— press an attack

— provocative third country attack

— provoked attack

— push the attack

— pushing-type action attack

— put in an attack

— put on an attack

— radar attack

— radiological agent attack

— random attack

— rear attack

— receive an attack

— reform an attack

— rehearse an attack

— reinforce an attack

— reinforced forces-based attack

— repel an attack

— repulse an attack

— resume the attack

— ride out an attack

— right-flank attack

— round-the-clock attacks

— rupture attack

— sabotage attack

— salvo attack

— saturation attack

— scattered attacks

— seaborne attack

— sea-skimmer attack

— secondary attack

— securing-a-foothold attack

— self-destructive attack

— semi-loop ground attack

— send back an attack

— set on an attack

— set-piece attack

— shallow attack

— shallow-diving ground attack

— shallow-limited objective attack

— ship shore attack

— shipping attacks

— short-duration shallow-type air attack

— short-exposure low level attack

— short-warning attack

— simulate an attack

— simulated attack

— simultaneous attack

— single axis attack

— single pass attack

— snap attack

— sneak attack

— sophisticated attack

— space attack

— splitting attack

— spoiling attack

— spoof attack

— spot bombing attack

— spray attack

— stage an attack

— stall an attack

— stand off an attack

— standing start attack

— standoff attack

— step up the attack

— stop an attack

— strafing attack

— straight-to-pass attack

— strike attack

— subject to an attack

— submarine launched BM attack

— subterranean attack

— successive air attacks

— successive attacks

— supported attack

— supporting attack

— surface attack

— surge attack

— surprise attack

— suspend an attack

— swarm attack

— swimmer attack

— take up an attack

— tank attack

— tank-infantry attack

— target-of-opportunity attack

— thermonuclear attack

— tip-and-run attack

— toss air attack

— touch off an attack

— toxic chemical attack

— transcontinental attack

— tridimensional attack

— two-prong ed attack

— two-step attack

— unconventional warfare attack

— uncoordinated attack

— under-low visibility attack

— under-the-overcast attack

— unintended attack

— unreinforced forces-based attack

— unsupported attack

— variable flight profile ground attack

— vectored attack

— visual attack

— ward off an attack

— wave air attacks

— wave attack

— weight the main attack

— withhold an attack

— withstand an attack

— zero angle attack

English-Russian military dictionary > attack
4 задерживать атаку

Military: blunt the attack, withhold an attack

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > задерживать атаку
5 задерживать наступление

Military: blunt a drive, blunt an offensive, bog an advance, withhold an attack

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > задерживать наступление
6 NEMA

except

* * *

I)

conj.

1) except, save, but;

þoriga ek segja nema þér einum, I dare not tell any one save thee alone;

engi … nema, no … but, no (not any) other than (Grani vildi undir øngum manni ganga nema Sigurði);

2) with subj. unless;

engir þóttu lögligir dómar dœmdir, nema hann væri við, unless he had a hand in them;

3) save that;

nema ek hálsaða herjans stilli einu sinni, save that I once fell on the king’s neck;

4) veit ek eigi nema, hverr veit nema, I don’t know, (who knows) but that;

may be, perhaps (hverr veit nema ek verða víða frægr um síðir);

5) því at eins, nema, only in the case, if;

ráðit þér því at eins á þá nema þér séð allir sem øruggastir, do not attack them unless you are all most steadfast and dauntless;

6) nema heldr, but rather (eigi má þat menn kalla, nema heldr hunda);

7) nor, = né, hvárki sverð nema øxi, neither sword nor axe.

II)

(nem; nam, námum; numinn), v.

1) to take, take in use, take possession of (ef þú nemr þér jörð á Íslandi);

nema land, to take possession of land, as a settler (hann nam Eyjafjörð allan);

nema konu, to carry off, abduct a woman;

nema stað or staðar, stop, halt (hér munum vér stað or staðar nema);

nema yndi, to find rest in a place (hvárki nam hann yndi á Íslandi né í Noregi);

2) nema e-n e-u, to bereave one of a thing (nema e-n höfði, aldri, fjörvi);

3) to reach, touch (pilzit var svá sítt, at nam hæl);

hvárt nam þik eða eigi, did it touch thee or not? þótt þik nótt um nemi, though the night overtake thee;

4) to amount to, be equivalent to (honum þótti landauðn nema);

5) as an auxiliary verb, with infin.;

hann nam at vaxa ok vel dafna, he grew apace and throve well;

inn nam at ganga, he stepped in;

6) to percieve, catch, hear, of sound;

varð þá svá mikit úhljóð, at engi nam annars mál, that no one could hear the other’s voice;

eigi skulu vér þat mál svá nema, we shall not understand it so;

7) to learn (nema lög, fjölkyngi);

to learn by heart (vísur þessar námu margir);

nema e-t at (or af) e-m, to learn, get information, about a thing from one (Glúmr hafði numit þenna atburð at þeim manni, er hét Arnór);

8) with preps. and advs.:

nema e-t af, to abolish (var sú heiðni af numin sem önnur);

nema brott konu, to carry off a woman;

nema eptir e-u, to imitate;

nema e-t frá, to except (nema konur eða þeir menn, er hann næmi frá);

nema e-t upp, to pick up (nam ek upp rúnar);

nema við, to resist, make a stand (hann vill enn við nema, þótt liðsmunr væri mikill);

to stop, halt (þar námu þeir Hrafn við í nesinu);

nema við e-u, to touch (gaddhjaltit nam við borðinu);

to be a hindrance to (ef þat nemr við förinni, at þú þykkist hafa fé of lítit);

impers., nemr við e-u, there is an obstacle, or stop (en er þeir kómu at kirkjudurum, þá nam þar við);

9) refl., nemast e-t, to refuse, withhold from doing;

nemast förina, to refuse to go;

nemast orðsendingar hans, to disregard his messages;

also with infin. (hann bað hann eigi nemast með öllu at gøra sem bœndr vildu).

* * *

1.

conj. [compounded of the negative particle ne, and the adverb if or ef (q. v.) in an older dissyllabic form ifa; for the change of f into m see the introduction; cp. Ulf. nibai; A. S. nemne, nimne; O. H. G. nibu, nibi, nubi; Hel. nebu; early Swed. num; cp. Lat. ni-si, see Grimm’s Gramm. iii. 724.]

B. Except, save, but; manngi, nema einn Agnarr, Gm. 2; nema þér einum, Vkv. 24; allra nema einna, 26, Ls. 11; nema við þat lík at lifa, Hm. 96; nema sá einn Áss, Ls. 11; hvar kómu feðr várir þess, … hvar nema alls hvergi? Ísl. ii. 236; öngu nema lífinu, Nj. 7; öllu gózi nema búinu, Fms. ix. 470; engi nema þú einn, Barl. 207; engi nema Bergþórr, Fms. vii. 141; kom viðrinn á kirkju-sand, nema tvau tré kómu á Raufarnes, save that two trees came to R., Landn. 51, v. l.; Ólafr hafði mörg sár ok flest smá, nema tvau vóru nökkvi mest, Fb. i. 501; nema ek hélt, Óg. 23; þeir blandask eyvitar við aðra ísa nema sér einum heldr hann, Sks. 176 B; vætki of sýti’k nema hræðumk helvíti, Hallfred; lét Koðran skíra sik ok hjú hans öll, nema Ormr vildi eigi við trú taka, Bs. i. 5.

II. with subj. unless; aldrei, nema okkr væri báðum borit, Ls 9; nema þú hánum vísir … eða mey nemir, Hkv. 1. 19; nema ek dauðr sjá’k, 20; nema geðs viti, Hm. 19; nema hann mæli til mart, 26; nema haldendr eigi, 28; nema til kynnis komi, 32; nema reisi niðr at nið, 71; nema einir viti, 97; nema ek þik hafa, Hkv. Hjörv. 7; nema sjálfr ali, Stor. 16; nema þeir felldi hann, Edda 36; öngir þóttu lögligir dómar nema hann væri í, Nj. 1; nema maðr verði sjúkr eða sárr, Grág. i. 141; nema lands-fólkit kristnaðisk, Hkr. i. 248; nema mér banni hel, Fb. ii. 59; hann heyrði eigi nema æpt væri at honum, Fms. iv. 204, and in countless instances in old and mod. usage.

2. in phrases such as ‘veit ek eigi nema …,’ like Lat. nescio an, implying an affirmation; þú veizt eigi nema sá verði fégjarn, Sks. 28; nú veit ek eigi nema nökkurr verði virðing af at hafa þessu máli, Band. 34 new Ed.; hverr veit nema ek verða víða frægr um síðir, who can tell but that I shall be a widely known man some day? Fms. vi. (in a verse); nú veit ek eigi nema yðr þykki minna vega mín reiði en Sigurðar konungs, now know I not if, vii. 141; eigi veit ek nema þetta væri ráðligt, en eigi má ek þat vita …, viii. 95:—with indic., kveðkat ek dul nema hún hefir, there is no doubt but that she has, Ýt. 7; hver sé if nema rögn stýra, who can doubt that? Vellekla.

III. irreg. usages; ef nokkurr maðr ferr á jörðu, nema (in the case that, supposing that) sá vili á búa, sem fé á í jörðu, þá rænir sá hann, Gþl. 357: því at eins, nema, only in that case, if ( but not else); ráðit þér því at eins á þá nema pér sét allir sem öruggastir, only in the case if, i. e. do not attack them unless, Nj. 228; því at eins mun hann sættask vilja, nema hann gjaldi ekki, 254; skal hann því at eins í braut hafa þann hval, nema hann láti bera vitni, Jb. 326: þat man því at eins, nema ek nái ráða-hag við Melkorku, Ld. 70; því at eins ferjanda, nema fjörbaugr komi fram, Nj. 240; oss þykkir þú því at eins veita skylda þjónustu konungi, nema þú leggir af tignar-klæðin, Fms. ix. 432.

2. nema heldr, but rather; eigi má þat menn kalla, nema heldr hunda, not men, but rather dogs, Bær. 9; sver ek eigi at eins fyrir mik, nema heldr fyrir allra þeirra sálir, Gþl. 69; hón hafði eigi hreinlífi at eins, nema heldr ok alla gæzku, Hom. 128; nema enn, but on the contrary; at glæpask eigi lengr í félags-skap við Philistim, nema enn skulu þér …, Stj. 412, 428, 442: eigi at eins óttaðisk hann um sjálfs síns líf, nema jamvel um alla aðra sína frændr, but also, Barl. 73: fyrr nema = fyrr enn, fyrr skal dólga dynr, nema ek dauðr sják (= fyrr en ek sé dauðr), Hkv. 1. 20:—hefi ek vist sét þat gull, at öngum mun er verra, nema betra sé, which is not worse, if it is not even better, Fb. i. 348.

2.

pres. nem; pret. nam, namt, nam, pl. námu; subj. næmi; part. numinn, older nominn, N. G. L. i. 200, Hom. 100; with neg., suff. nam-a, Hkv. 2. 15; a pret. numdi in mod. usage, formed from the part. numinn, as if from a verb nymja; örvaðist geð á allan hátt er eg numdi sjónum föður-landið heldr hátt hafít upp úr sjónum, Eggert: [Ulf. niman = λαμβάνειν; A. S. neman; Germ. nehmen; freq. in Early Engl.; in mod. Engl., where it is superseded by the Scandin. taka, it survives in nimble and numb = A. S. be-numen = lcel. numinn.]

A. To take; the use of the word in this, its proper sense, is limited, for taka (q. v.) is the general word, whereas nema remains in special usages; nema upp, to pick up, Hm. 140; nema e-n ór nauðum, Fsm.; þar er gull numit upp í söndum, Rb. 350; at hann nemr hann ór kviðnum, ok kveða á hvert hann nemr hann ór sínu órnámi, eða annars manns, Grág. i. 51; reifa mál þeirra er ór dóminum eru numnir, 79; hann á kost at nema þá upp alla senn, 51:—nema af, to abolish; þessi heiðni var af numin á fára vetra fresti, Nj. 165, Íb. 4:—nema frá, to except; nema konur eða þeir menn er hann næmi frá, 5; á þeim tíðum er uú eru frá numnar, Grág. i. 325:—upp numinn, taken up into heaven; Enoch var upp numinn, Stj. 41.

2. to take by force, seize upon; þá menn er konu hafa numit ( carried off), Grág. i. 354; hann nam sér konu af Grikklandi, Rb. 404; Jupiter þá er hann nam Europam, 732. 17; Björn nam Þóru á brott, Eg. 155; ek nam konu þessa er hér er hjá mér, Nj. 131; hann segir hann hafa numit sik í burt af Grænlandi undan Sólar-fjöllum, Bárð. 32 new Ed.: nema nes-nám, Danir ok Svíar herjuðu mjök í Vestr-víking ok kómu þá opt í Eyjarnar er þeir fóru vestr eða vestan, ok námu þar nesnám, Fms. iv. 229, (see nesnám, landnám):—in a lawful sense, nema land, to take possession of a land, as a settler (landnám II); hann nam Eyjafjörð allan.

3. nema e-n e-u, to bereave one of a thing; nema e-n höfði, aldri, fjörvi, Gkv. 2. 31, 42; verða ek á fitjum þeim er mik Niðaðar námu rekkar, Vkv.; hví namtú hann sigri þá? Em. 6; sigri numnir, Fms. xi. 306 (in a verse); numinn máli, bereft of speech, Geisli 34; fjörvi numna, life-bereft, Eb. (in a verse); hann lá þar lami ok öllu megni numinn, Hom. 116; þar til er lands-menn námu þá ráðum, used force, coerced them, Bs. i. 24; ríkir menn verða þá ráðum nomnir, Hom. 100; ef hann vill eigi nema trúa því, if he will not believe it, N. G. L. i. 88.

4. to reach, touch, hit; í hvítu pilzi, þat var svá sítt at þat nam hæl, Fas. ii. 343; nema hjöltin við neðra gómi, Edda 20; allir þeir sem oddrinn nam, Skíða R. 183; hvárt nam þik eðr eigi! Nj. 97; ok nema hann þar nauðsynjar, at hann má eigi lík færa, and if he is held back by necessity, N. G. L. i. 14, K. Á. 70; þótt þik nótt um nemi, if the night overtake thee, Sdm. 26: hence the saying, láta þar nótt sem nemr, to leave it to the night as it takes one = to take no care of the morrow:—nema stað, to take up one’s position, halt, Nj. 133, 197, Fms. i. 167, vii. 68, Eg. 237.

5. spec. phrases; Kolskeggr nam þar eigi yndi, Nj. 121; ef hann vildi þar staðfestask ok nema yndi, Fms. i. 103:—nema staðar = nema stað, Nj. 54, 205, 265, Ld. 104, Stj. 486, Fms. i. 206: of a weapon, hefi ek þat sverð er hvergi nemr í höggi stað, I have so keen a sword that it never stops in its stroke, i. e. it cuts clean through anything, Fas. ii. 535; oddrinn nam í brynjunni staðar, Al. 76; svá at staðar nam (naf Cod. Reg.) höndin við sporðinn, Edda 40; nema hvíld, to take rest, Alm. 1; nema veiðar, to take the prey, to hunt, Hým. 1.

6. to amount to, be equivalent to; ef eigi nemr kúgildi, Grág. ii. 233; honum þótti landauðn nema, Íb. 4; það nemr öngu, litlu, miklu, it is of no, of small, of great importance; bríkr þær er greyping hefir numit, Gþl. 345.

7. nema við, to strike against so as to stop, come no further; nam þar við ok gékk eigi lengra, Fms. xi. 278; en gadd-hjaltið nam við borðinu, Eb. 36.

8. metaph. to stop, halt; hér munu vér við nema, Finnb. 236; þar námu þeir Hrafn við í nesinu, Ísl. ii. 266; hann býsk við, ok vill enn við nema, þótt liðs-munr væri mikill, Bjarn. 54; konungr verðr glaðr við er hann skal fyrir hafa funnit þá menn er eigi spara viðr at nema, Al. 46; en ef þat nemr við förinni, at þú þykisk hafa fé oflítið, þá …, Ld. 70; er þat úvizka at bera eigi slíkt, ok mun þat eigi við nema, Glúm. 327; at konungr mundi fátt láta við nema, at sættir tækisk, i. e. that he would do anything for the sake of peace, Eg. 210.

II. as an auxiliary verb, emphatic, like Engl. do, did, with infin.; Höðr nam skjóta (H. did shoot) … sá nam einnættr vega, Vsp. 37; þá nam at vaxa, Hkv. 1. 9; hann nam at vaxa (he ‘took to growing’) ok vel dafna, Rm. 19; inn nam at ganga, 2; lind nam at skelfa, 9, 35; nam hón sér Högna heita at rúnum, Skv. 3. 14; róa námu ríki, they did row mightily, Am. 35; nam hann vittugri valgaldr kveða, Vtkv. 4; nama Högna mær of hug mæla, Hkv. 2. 15; þat nam at mæla, Og. 9: seldom in prose, ek nam eigi trúa á þat er hann sagði, Post.; Falka hestr Þiðreks nemr þetta at sjá, Þiðr. 117.

B. Metaph. to take in a mental sense or by the senses, to perceive, like Lat. apprehendere, comprehendere, freq. in old and mod. usage:

I. to perceive, catch, hear, of sound; en svá mikill ákafi var at hvassleik veðrsins þá er konungr tók at mæla, at varla námu þeir er næstir vóru, Fms. viii. 55; sem þeir vóru langt brottu komnir, svá at þó mátti nema kail milli þeirra ok manna Saul, Stj. 486; þeir skulu svá nær sitjask, at hvárirtveggju nemi orð annarra, Grág. i. 69; engi nam mál annars, Nj. 164; mál nam í milli þeirra, Fms. v. 31; eigi skulu vér þat mál svá nema, we shall not understand it so, Hom. 156.

II. to learn; klök nam fugla, Rm.; hann hafði numit svá lög, at hann var enn þriðr mestr laga-maðr á Íslandi, Nj. 164; inir hæstu turnar hafa numit honum at hníga, Al. 90; nú var Þórir þar ok nam þar fjölkyngi, Fb. iii. 245; Óðinn var göfgastr, ok at honum námu þeir allir íþróttirnar, Hkr. i; nema nám, to take in, acquire learning, Bs. i. 92, 127; see nám:—to ‘catch,’ learn by heart, þær kváðu vísur þessar en hann nam, Nj. 275; vísur þessar námu menn þegar, Ó. H. 207; en hinn nemi, er heyrir á, Darrl.; Þórdís nam þegar vísuna, Gísl. 33:—to learn from, þvar namtu þessi hnæfilegu orð? nam ek at mönnum …, Hbl.; nema ráð, Hm.; menn nemi mál mín ! Ó. H. (in a verse):—nema e-t at e-m, to learn something, derive information from one, ek hefi hér verit at nema kunnustu at Finnum, Fms. i. 8; hann nam lögspeki at Þorsteini, Ísl. ii. 205; hann nam kunnáttu at Geirríði, Eb. 44; Glúmr hafði numit þenna atburð at þeim manni er hét Arnórr, Fms. i. 266; en Oddr nam at Þorgeiri afráðs-koll …, Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði Snorra dóttur Goða … hann hafði numit af gömlum mönnum ok vitrum, … eptir því sem vér höfum numit af fróðum mönnum, … þótt hverr maðr hafi síðan numit at öðrum, … ok hafa menn síðan at þeim numit, Ó. H. (pref.); nemi þér af mér, Fms. viii. 55.

C. Reflex., prop. to take, seize for oneself:

1. to take by force; ef maðr nemsk konu, ok samþykkjask þau síðan, þá …, H. E. i. 247.

β. to stop; ok hafða ek þat sverð, sem aldri hefir í höggi stað numisk (= numit), Fas. ii. 208; friðr namsk, ceased.

γ. to refuse, withhold from doing; hann bað hann eigi nemask með öllu at göra sem bændr vildu, Hkr. i. 142; hverr bóndi er þat nemsk ( who makes default), gjaldi …, K. Á. 40; þar var kominn fjöldi liðs ór Austr-löndum til móts við hann, ok námusk förina ( refused to go) ef hann kæmi eigi, Fb. ii. 71; en ef maðr nemsk leiðangrs-görð, eðr leiðangrs-ferð, þá hafi ármaðr sótt þat fyrr en skip komi á hlunn, … at hann hafi leiðangr görvan ok eigi fyrir nomisk, N. G. L. i. 200; en þó vil ek eigi fyrir minn dauða at nemask ( disregard) hans orðsendingar, O. H. L. 29.

2. to learn; láttú nemask þat, learn, take heed that, Skv. 1, passim; eptir þetta nemask af aptrgöngur hans, Ld. 54.

II. part. numinn, as adj. numb, seized, palsied; hann var allr numinn öðrum megin, ok mátti eigi mæla hálfum munni, Ann.; þá varð ek sem ek væra numinn, Mar.; vera frá sér numinn, to be beside oneself, from joy, astonishment, or the like, cp. the references above (A. 3).

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > NEMA
7 HALDA

give

* * *

(held; hélt, héldum; haldinn), v.

I. with dat.

1) to hold fast (Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr);

to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk eigi haldit henni heima);

2) to withhold (héldu bœndrgjaldinu);

3) to keep, retain (þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti halda);

to preserve (halda virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum);

halda vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake;

4) to hold, keep one’s stock;

also ellipt. (vetr var illr ok héldu menn illa);

5) phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy (= halda njósnum til um e-t);

halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold (the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes;

halda hendi yfir e-m, to protect one;

6) to hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr (held back again) um haustit;

þeir héldu út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth;

halda heim, to steer homewards;

7) to graze, put in the field (halda fé til haga);

8) impers. to continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);

II. with acc.

1) to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum);

2) to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning heldr þú þenna. dag?);

3) to keep (halda orð sín, eið, sættir, frið);

to observe (halda guðs lög ok landsins);

4) to uphold, maintain, support (halda vini sína, halda e-n til ríkis);

5) halda sik, to comport oneself (kunna halda sik með hófi);

halda sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously;

halda sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from;

6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt engan hans jafningja);

7) to hold, keep up;

halda varnir, to keep up a defence;

halda vörð, to keep watch;

8) to hold, compel, bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar);

þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast some excuse for trying;

III. with preps.:

halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (halda á sverði);

to hold to a thing, go on with it, be busy about (halda á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á sýslu);

halda e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office) from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af Danakonungi);

halda mikit af e-m, to make much of one;

halda eptir e-m, to pursue one;

halda e-u eptir, to keep back;

halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself back from, refrain from;

halda e-u fram, to uphold, support;

halda e-u fyrir e-u, to withhold from one;

to protect against (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);

halda e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan vin);

halda í e-t, to hold fast, grasp (þú skalt halda í hurðarhringinn);

halda til e-s, to be the cause of, be conducive to;

heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this;

hélt til þess (conduced to it) góðgirni hans;

halda til e-s, to be bent on, fond of (halda mjök til skarts, til gleði);

halda til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one;

halda um e-t, to grasp with the hand (= halda hendi um e-t);

halda barni undir skírn, to hold at baptism;

halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, lift (halda upp höndum);

halda upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling;

to uphold, maintain, support (halda upp hofum, kristninni);

to keep going (halda upp bardaga);

to discharge (halda upp kostnaði, bótum);

halda upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray for one;

halda e-u við, to maintain a thing;

halda við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum);

impers. to be on the point of;

hélt þá við atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to fight;

heldr nú við hót, it is little short of threats;

IV. refl., haldast.

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pret. hélt (= Goth. haihald), 2nd pérs. hélt, mod. hélzt, pl. héldum; pres. held, pl. höldum; pret. subj. héldi; part. haldinn; imperat. hald and haltú: [Ulf. haldan = βόσκειν, ποιμαίνειν, whereas he renders to keep, hold by other words; Hel. haldan = alere, fovere, colere, which thus seems to be the primitive sense of the word, and to be akin to Lat. cŏlo; again, A. S. healdan, Engl. hold, O. H. G. haltan, Germ. halten, Swed. hålla, halda, Dan. holde, are all of them used in a more general sense]:—to hold.

A. WITH DAT. to hold to:

I. to hold fast by; with the notion of restraint or force, tók Gizurr förunaut Ögmundar ok hélt honum, Sturl. i. 150; Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn maðr, Nj. 92; ef maðr heldr manni …, varðar fjörbaugs-garð, Grág. ii. 110; h. e-m undir drep, 17; h. skipum ( to grapple the ships) með stafnljám, Fms. ii. 315: to keep back, Hrafn fékk eigi haldit henni heima þar, Ísl. ii. 249; ok halda þeim veðr í enni sömu höfn, Grág. i. 92; h. (sér) í e-t, to hold oneself fast by, grasp, þú skalt h. í hurðar-hringinn, Dropl. 29; heldr sér í faxit, Sd. 177.

β. so in the phrases, halda barni (manni) undir skírn, vatn, primsignan, biskups hönd, eccl. to hold a bairn ( man) at baptism, prima signatio, confirmation, Grág. i. 29; h. vatni (tárum), to hold one’s tears, 623. 56, Fms. viii. 232, vi. (in a verse); halda munni, to hold one’s tongue, be silent, vii. 227; halda tungu sinni, Þórð.

2. to withhold; þá megu þeir h. tíundum hans í móti, K. Þ. K. 62; h. vætti, Grág. i. 42; h. gögnum, 56; ef goði heldr tylftar-kvið, er hann heldr kviðnum, 58; halda matinum fyrir honum, 47; h. sköttum fyrir e-m, Nj. 8; h. skógar-manni fyrir e-m, Finnb. 334; um þat er hann hefir konunni haldit, Grág. i. 313; héldu bændr gjaldinu, Fms. vii. 302; hélt ek því (i. e. the money) fyrir honum, i. e. paid it not, Ísl. ii. 244.

II. to hold, of a rope or the like; sá maðr hugði h. mundu er festi, … ok h. mundu í slíku veðri, Grág. ii. 361; reip þau tíu er tveggja manna afli haldi hvert, id.; skal hann svá göra at haldi fyrir fyrnsku, 268.

β. to hold, hold out, last; optast halda þar íllviðri litla hríð, Sks. 212; sunnudags-helgi ríss upp á laugardegi, ok heldr ( lasts) til mánadags, N. G. L. i. 138.

III. to keep, retain, Germ. behalten; fá-ein skip héldu seglum sinum, Fms. x. 143; þú skalt jafnan þessu sæti h., Nj. 6; h. bústað sínum, Ld. 26; h. ríki sínu, Al. 58, Fms. i. 13; h. öllum Noregi, viii. 155; h. frelsi ok eignum, vi. 40; h. hlut sínum, to uphold one’s right, Eg. passim; halt sömum vinum sem ek hefi haft, Fas. i. 375; h. hreinleik sínum, Al. 58.

β. to hold, keep safe, preserve; h. hlut sínum, Ld. 54; h. heilsu, Grág. i. 145; h. virðingu sinni, Ld. 16; þá heldr hann kosti sínum, Grág. ii. 209; h. tíma ( honour) sínum, Al. 59; h. lífi ok limum, Eg. 89; h. lífinu, Nj. 111; h. trúnaði sínum, 109; vináttu sinni, Ld. 200; einorð sinni, Fb. ii. 265; h. sér réttum, to keep oneself right, Ld. 158; h. e-m heilum, Odd. 30; h. ríki fyrir e-m, Fms. v. 279; h. manna-forræði fyrir e-m, Hrafn. 19; h. réttu máli fyrir e-m, Fms. vii. 64.

2. to continue to keep, keep all along; h. teknum hætti, Fms. iv. 254; h. vöku, to keep oneself awake, Ld. 152; but h. vöku fyrir e-m, to keep another awake; halda sýslu sinni, Fs. 36; h. högum, to keep grazing, Eb. 104, Ld. 148.

3. to hold, keep one’s stock; ellipt., vetr var íllr ok héldu menn ílla, the winter was cold and it was ill to keep live stock, Sturl. ii. 143, (cp. fjár-höld); hann hélt vel svá at nær lifði hvat-vetna, Hrafn. 22: metaph., ílla hefir þinn faðir þá haldit, Fms. xi. 144; öld hefir ílla haldit, the people have had a sad loss, vi. (in a verse); h. fangi, and also ellipt. halda, of sheep and cattle, opp. to ‘to go back.’

4. phrases, halda njósnum, to keep watch, to spy, Fms. viii. 146, Nj. 113; hann hélt njósnum til Önundar, Landn. 287; hélt konungr njósnum til, ef …, Fms. vii. 128; hann skyldi h. njósnum til ok gera orð konungi, i. 54; h. njósnum til um e-t, iv. 119, Nj. 93; halda njósn (sing.) um skip þat, Eg. 74; þér haldit njósnum nær færi gefr á Arnkatli, Eb. 186; hann lét h. njósnum uppi á landi, Fms. vii. 316; hann hélt fréttum til, ef …, iv. 349.

β. halda (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold ( the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes, Nj. 132, Fms. v. 196; h. fyrir munn e-m, to hold ( the hand) over one’s mouth; h. hendi yfir e-m, to hold the hand over one, protect one, Nj. 266, Fbr. 22, Korm.; h. hendi um háls e-m, to clasp the hands around one’s neck, Fms. i. 9; h. skildi fyrir e-n, to hold the shield for one as a second in a duel, Ísl. ii. 257, passim; h. e-m til náms, to hold one to the book, make one study, K. Þ. K. 56; h. e-m til virðingar, Ld. 98.

IV. ellipt. (liði, skipi, för, stefnu, etc. understood), to hold, stand in a certain direction, esp. as a naut. term; þeir héldu aptr ( stood back again) um haustið, Eg. 69; treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6; héldu þeir vestr um haf, id.; stigu þeir á skip sín, ok héldu út ( stood out) eptir firði, Fms. i. 63; þeir héldu þat sama sumar til Íslands, Ld. 6; hann hélt upp eptir hinni eystri kvísl, Fms. vii. 55; h. heim, to hold one’s course, stand homewards, Odd. 30; h. á braut, Grág. i. 92; Hrútr hélt suðr til Eyrar-sunds, Nj. 8; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one, 7; h. undan, to fly, Fms. x. 396, Nj. 98 (on land); kom móti þeim sunnan-veðr með myrkri, ok urðu þeir fyrir at h., to lay one’s course for the wind, A. A. 271; h. útleið, to stand on the outer tack, Eg. 78; h. til, to turn against, attack (on sea), Fms. xi. 72; hélt hann liði sínu suðr á Mæri, i. 62; þeir héldu liði sínu norðr til Þrándheims, id.; Haraldr konungr hélt norðan liði sínu, Eg. 32; héldu þeir skipi því suðr með landi, 69; skipi því lét hann halda vestr til Englands, id.; Unnr hélt skipinu í Orkneyjar, eptir þat hélt Unnr skipi sínu til Færeyja, Ld. 8.

β. to graze, put in the field, of sheep, cattle; þykkir mér þat miklu skipta at þeim sé vel til haga haldit, Eg. 714; hvert Steinarr hafði látið nautum sínum halda, 715; ok bað hann h. nautunum annan veg, 716.

γ. phrases, halda kyrru fyrir, to hold still, remain quiet, Ld. 216, Þórð. 30 new Ed., Nj. 223, 258; Hallr heldr nú til fangs ( went fishing) sem áðr, Ld. 38.

V. with prep.; halda á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand, freq. in mod. usage, h. á bók, penna, fjöðr, hníf, skærum, nál, etc.; hafði hverr þat er hélt á, Nj. 279; h. á sverði, Fb. i. 33; hann tók við öxinni ok hélt (viz. á), ok sá á, Eg. 180: to hold fast, heldr nú maðr á manni, Fas. i. 12; eigi máttu helvítis byrgi h. á honum, 656 C. 6; ef hann heldr á fénu ( withholds it), Grág. i. 427.

β. [Germ. anhalten], to hold to a thing, go on with, be busy about; h. á sýslu, to be busy, Rm. 14; h. á keri, qs. halda á drykkju, to go on drinking, carousing, Hm. 18: h. á hinni sömu bæn, Stj. 417; h. á fyrirsátrum við e-n, Þórð. 51 new Ed.; h. á búnaði sínum, Ld. 164; hélt hann þá á búnaði sínum sem skjótligast, Fms. ix. 215, x. 119, Sturl. ii. 245; þogar á bak Jólum hélt Ólafr konungr á búningi, Fms. v. 41; hann heldr nú á málinu, Nj. 259; nú heldr Þórðr á málinu ok verðr Oddný honum gipt, Bjarn. 11, Konr. (Fr.); h. á tilkalli, Fms. i. 84; h. á þessum sið, xi. 41; h. á för, to go on with one’s journey, Sighvat; gengu síðan brott ok héldu á ferð sinni, and went on their journey, Sturl.;—whence the mod. phrase, halda áfram, to go on, which seems not to occur in old writers.

2. halda e-u fram, to hold up, make much of; bróðir minn mun mér mjök hafa fram haldit fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3.

β. to hold on doing, (hence fram-hald, continuation); halda fram upp-teknu efni, Fms. i. 263; slíku hélt hann fram meðan hann lifði, iv. 254; hélt hann (fram) teknum hætti um veizlurnar, id., Grett. 14.

3. halda saman, to hold together, Eluc. 6, Fms. vii. 140, Rb. 340.

4. halda e-u upp, to hold aloft, Yngvarr hélt upp vísu þeirri, Eg. 152; steinninn heldr upp annarr öðrum, Rb. 390; h. upp árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling, Fas. ii. 517, N. G. L. i. 65.

β. to uphold, maintain, support; halda upp hofi, Landn. 64, Eb. 24; h. upp hofum ok efla blót, Fms. i. 91; h. upp kirkju, K. Þ. K. 52; h. upp Kristninni, Fms. i. 32: to keep going, h. upp bardaga, orrostu, xi. 66, 188, 340.

γ. to discharge; h. upp féráns-dómi, Grág. i. 120; h. upp lögskilum, 145; h. upp svörum, Ó. H. 174; h. upp kostnaði, Eg. 77; h. upp gjaldi, Grág. i. 384; gjöldum, Fms. i. 81; h. upp bót, Grág. ii. 182; bótum, Eb. 100, 162, N. G. L. i. 311; ef hann heldr upp yfirbót ( penance) þeirri, Hom. 70; h. upp bænum fyrir e-m, to pray for one, Fms. xi. 271; hélt hann því vel upp sem vera átti, discharged it well, x. 93.

δ. halda sér vel upp, to hold oneself well up, Sturl.

ε. metaph., skal-at hann lögvillr verða, svá at honum haldi þat uppi (i. e. went unpunished), Grág. i. 316; ok heldr honum þat uppi ( that will save him), ef hann er rétt-hafi at orðinn, ii. 242.

5. halda e-u við, to maintain a thing, Hkr. i. 195.

VI. impers.,

1. to continue, last; hélt því nokkura stund dags, Fms. x. 125: hélt því lengi um vetrinn, Ld. 288; regni hélt haustnótt gegnum, Fms. vi. 83.

2. with prep. við, to be on the brink of; hélt þá við atgöngu, they were within a hair’s breadth of coming to fight, Hkr. i. 143; hélt þá við vandræði, Fms. ix. 434; heldr við bardaga, vi. 8; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of a threat, i. 305; hélt við blót, x. 106; ok hélt við flótta, i. 174; hélt við meiðingar, Nj. 21, Sd. 143; henni hélt við, at hón mundi drepa hana, Nj. 118; þeim hélt við váða sjálfan, Ó. H. 168; konungi hélt við, hvárt hann mundi standask eðr eigi, Mag. 100; honum hélt við kafnan, Bs. i. 18; hélt þó við at þeir mundi berjask, Fs. 53.

B. WITH ACC. to hold:

I. to hold in possession, a fief, land, estate, office, or the like; þeir héldu alla hina beztu staði með sjónum, Fms. xi. 131; þeir er áðr höfðu haldit land af Dana-konungi, i. 232; Eirekr skyldi h. land af Aðalsteini konungi, 23; Vemundr hélt Firða-fylki, Eg. 12; hélt hann þat ríki undir Knút konungi, Ísl. ii. 242; í þeirri borg héldu þeir langfeðgar fimmtán konungdóma, Ver. 37; h. land sem leigu-land, Grág. ii. 278; konungrinn heldr af Guði nafnit, Sks. 599 B; prestar er kirkjur halda, H. E. i. 486; sá prestr er heldr Pétrs-kirkju, N. G. L. i. 312; presta þeirra er kirkju halda, 346; skal sá maðr ráða er kirkju heldr, K. Þ. K. 60; Ólafs kirkju þá er Væringjar halda (the parish church of W.), Hkr. iii. 408.

2. halda ábyrgju, ábyrgð á e-n, to have the responsibility of a thing, Grág. ii. 399, K. Þ. K. 66; h. grip, to be in the possession of, Grág. i. 438, ii. 190; h. skóla, to keep a school, Mar.; h. fylgð, to perform, Fms. ix. 279; eiga vandræði at h., to be in a strait, difficulty, Eb. 108.

II. to hold, keep, observe, a feast, holiday, or the like; halda kirkju-dag, K. Þ. K. 42; í hvers minning heldr þú þenna dag? Nj. 157; h. helgan þvátt-dag hvern, Pr. 437; h. helga daga, Sl.; h. Jóla-dag, Páska, Hvíta-sunnu, Rb. 134; minnstú að h. helgan hvíldar-daginn Drottins Guðs þíns (the Fourth Commandment in the Icel. version); h. heilagt, to keep holiday, Dipl. ii. 14; í dag þá hátíð höldum vér til himna sté vor Herra, Hólabók 54; er Júdar héldu hátíðligt, Stj. 110; (hence forn-haldinn, time-honoured): of the day-marks (vide dagr, p. 95), er þaðan haldinn miðr-morgin, Hrafn. 9.

2. to keep; halda orð sín, to keep one’s word, Fms. x. 95; höldum öll einka-mál vár, vii. 305; h. sættir, Nj. 57; gerðú svá vel, félagi, at þú halt vel sætt þessa, 111, Sturl. iii. 153, Fs. 65, Gullþ. 20; hann kvaðsk vilja hafa svardaga af þeim ok festu, at halda, Nj. 164; h. eið, Sturl. iii. 153; h. frið, to keep peace, Greg. 7; ef þú vilt nokkura hluti eigi h. þá er ek hefi á lagt við þik, Eg. 738: to observe faith, law, rite, etc., halda átrúnað, Fms. i. 34, x. 277; h. Guðs lög ok landsins, vii. 305; h. lands lög, viii. 155; h. ein lög, 625. 52; hafa ok halda þau lög, Fms. i. 34; h. Kristilega trú, K. Á. 74; h. mál (orð) e-s, Greg. 17; h. alla hluti með athugasamlegu minni, Sks. 439.

3. to keep, tend; halda geitr, Hkv. 2. 20 (exactly as in Gothic).

III. to uphold, maintain, support; þykkir mér þér sé nú ísjár-vert, hvárt þú munt fá haldit þik eðr eigi, Nj. 155; munu vér þó ekki einhlitir at h. oss eptir þessi verk, Háv. 50; at hón mætti með valdi h. sik ok menn sína, Fas. i. 375; þat væri nokkurr várkunn, at þú héldir frænda þinn eðr fóstbróður, en þetta er alls engi (at) halda útlaga konungs, Ó. H. 145; enda ætla ek lítinn viljann til at h. vini þína, Fms. vii. 244; því at Eysteinn konungr kenndi Inga konungi, at hann héldi þá menn, 248; ef þú heldr hann ( upholdest him) til þess at ganga á vini mína, Eg. 339; viljum vér allir fylgja þér ok þik til konungs halda, Fms. i. 34; Stephanus skyldi h. hann til laga ok réttinda, Sks. 653; h. e-n til ríkis, Fb. i. 236; vinsæld föður hans hélt hann mest til alþýðu vináttu, Fms. vii. 175; þeir sem upp h. ( sustain) þenna líkama, Anecd. 4.

β. phrases, halda e-m kost, borð, to keep at board, entertain, Fms. ix. 220, x. 105, 146, Nj. 6; or, halda e-n at klæðum ok drykk, Ó. H. 69; h. stríð, bellum gerere (not class.), Fms. x. 51; h. úfrið, Fas. ii. 539.

2. halda sik, to comfort oneself, Sks. 281, Hom. 29; kunna sik með hófi at h., Sturl. iii. 108; h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare sumptuously, Ld. 234; hann hélt betr húskarla sína en aðrir, Fms. vii. 242; h. mjök til skarts, to dress fine, Ld. 196; þar var Hrefna ok hélt allmjök til skarts, id.; hann var hægr hvers-dagliga, ok hélt mjök til gleði, Sturl. iii. 123; hélt hann hér mjök til vinsælda ok virðinga, he enjoyed much popularity and fame, Ld. 298.

β. ellipt. (sik understood), at h. til jafns við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a match for one, Ld. 40; ef þér hefir eigi til þess hug eðr afl at h. til jafns við e-n húskarl Þorsteins, Eg. 714; h. til fullnaðar, to stand on one’s full rights; ef þær taka eigi fullrétti, eðr h. eigi til fullnaðar, Grág. ii. 109; h. fullara, to hold one above other men, Ó. H. (in a verse); lét konungr þá h. mjök til ( make great preparations) at syngja messu hátíðliga, Hkr. i. 287.

3. to hold forth, put forward; at þeim inyiidi þungbýlt vera í nánd honum, ef þeir héldi nokkurn annan fyrir betra mann en hann, Ld. 26; síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir tryggvan mann, Fms. ix. 399.

β. to hold, deem, be of opinion; the old writers seem not to use the word exactly in this sense, but near to it come such phrases as, hón hélt engan hans jafningja innan hirðar hvárki í orðum né öðrum hlutum, i. e. she held him to be above all men, Ld. 60; halda menn hann fyrir konung, Fb. i. 216; still closer, halda menn at Oddný sé nú betr gipt, Bjarn. 12 (but only preserved in a paper MS.): this sense is very freq. in mod. usage, to hold, mean, eg held það; eg held ekki, I think not; (hence hald, opinion.)

γ. phrases, halda mikit upp á e-n, to hold one in much esteem, love, Stj. 33; halda af e-m, id., Fas. i. 458, ii. 63, 200, iii. 520, esp. freq. in mod. usage, (upp-á-hald, af-hald, esteem.)

4. to hold on, keep up; halda varnir, to keep up a defence, Sks. 583; halda vörð, to keep watch, Eg. 120, Grág. i. 32, 264; halda njósn, Eg. 72, 74, Fms. xi. 46; halda tal af e-m, to speak, communicate with one, ii. 88.

5. to hold, be valid, be in force, a law term; á sú sekt öll at halda, Grág. i. 89; á þat at h. allt er þeir urðu á sáttir, 86; enda á þat at h. með þeim síðan, ii. 336.

IV. to hold, compel, bind (with the notion of obligation or duty); heldr mik þá ekki til utan-ferðar, Nj. 112; þó heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, i. e. thou art excused, thou hast some excuse in trying, 21; var auðsætt hvat til hélt um sættir, Bjarn. 70; þik heldr eigi hér svá mart, at þú megir eigi vel bægja héraðs-vist þinni, Eb. 252; þar mælir þú þar, er þik heldr várkunn til at mæla, Nj. 227; ek mun vera vinr hans, ok alla þá, er at mínum orðum láta, halda til vináttu við hann, i. e. I will be his friend, and all those who lend ear to my words I will hold to friendship with him, Eg. 18.

2. halda sik frá e-u, to keep oneself from, to refrain from a thing, Sks. 276 B; h. sik frá munaðlífi, Post. 656 A. ii. 16, Hom. 53, 135; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain from, Hkr. i. 512.

V. absol. to be the cause of, be conducive to a thing; heldr þar margt til þess, there are many reasons for this, Nj. 192; vildim vér vita hvat til heldr, Fms. vii. 106; en hann vissi eigi hvat til hafði haldit, er hann kom eigi, xi. 11; margir hlutir héldu til þess, Eg. 38; þat hélt til þess, at …, Al. 94; hélt til þess ( conduced to it) góðgirnd hans, stórmennska ok vitsmunir, Fs. 29; hefir þat mjök til haldit, er ek hefi svá lengi dvalizt, at ek ætlaða, Ld. 32; hann lét bæði til h. vingan ok mágsemd, Fs. 24; heldr þat mest til at þá var komit útfall sjávar, Ld. 56; hélt þat mest til þess, at hann gafsk bezt í öllum mannraunum, 60; þat eitt hélt til, at þeir fóru eigi málum á hendr Þórði, at þeir höfðu eigi styrk til, 138.

VI. to hold, comprise; sólar-öld heldr tuttugu ok átta ár, Rb. 510; h. skor (of weight), Grág. i. 500.

☞ In some instances the use of dat. and acc. wavers, e. g. halda húsum, to keep up the houses, Grág. ii. 278, 335; h. hliði, to keep the gate in repair, 265; but halda hlið (acc.), 332: to keep, observe, h. lögum, griðum, boðorðum, Glúm. 333, Grág. i. 357, ii. 166, 623. 28; hélt hann þessu sumu, Fms. x. 416 (Ágrip); halda ílla orðum, vii. (in a verse); þeir er því þingi áttu at h., Glúm. 386; h. sáttum, St. 17; h. eiðum, Bkv. 18; Gizuri þótti biskup h. ríkt ( protect strongly) brennu-mönnum, Sturl. i. 201 C; Guð er sínum skepnum heldr (keeps, protects) ok geymir, Mar.; þá hélt engi kirkju mönnum, … kept no man safe, Fms. ix. 508; h. njósn (acc.) um e-t, Eg. 74; h. til njósn, 72; njósnir, Fms. xi. 46. In most of these instances the acc. is the correct case, and the dat. is due either to careless transcribers or incorrect speaking: in some instances an enclitic um has been taken for a dative inflexion, thus e. g. sáttum haldi in Stor. l. c. is to be restored to sátt um haldi; eiðum haldit in Bkv. l. c. to eið (for eiða) um haldit; in others the prep. um has caused the confusion, as ‘halda njósn um at’ has been changed into halda njósnum at. But in the main the distinction between the use of dat. and acc. is fixed even at the present time: the acc. seems to represent the more primitive usage of this verb, the dat. the secondary.

C. REFLEX.:

I. to hold oneself, to stay; héldusk þeir þá ekki fyrir norðan Stað, Fms. i. 63; mátti hann eigi þar haldask, Landn. 246; h. á baki, to keep oneself on horseback, keep one’s seat, Grág. ii. 95; munu þeir skamma stund hér við haldask, Nj. 247: to be kept, remain, þá skal hann h. með Helju, Edda 39: to resist, megu vér ekki við h. fyrir ofreflis-mönnum þessum, Nj. 254; hélzk þá ekki við honum, Eg. 289; mann er svá hefir haldisk við höfuð-syndum, Hom. 157.

β. to hold out, last, continue; ok hélzk ferillinn, Eg. 579; hélzk undr þetta allt til dags, Nj. 272 (twice); hélzk konungdómr í kyni hans, Rb. 394; lengi síðan hélzk bruna-öld með Svíum, Yngl. S.; lengi hélzk þat í ætt þeirri, at …, Eg. 770; hélzk vinátta með þeim, Nj. 66; þat hefir enn haldizk í ætt hans, Fms. iv. 8; ok hefir þat haldizk ( it has continued to be so) síðan er ek hefi hann séð, Ld. 174; honum haldisk (imperat.) sigr ok langt líf, Ver. 57; betr þætti mér, at hún héldisk þér, that it (the luck) would hold out for thee, Fb. ii. 74; ef hann helzk í útrú sinni, if he perseveres in his untruth, 623. 26.

γ. to be kept safe and sound; menn allir héldusk ( all bands were saved) ok svá fé, Ld. 8, Fs. 143; þar héldusk menn allir ok mestr hluti fjár, Eg. 405; hafði fé vel haldizk, has been well kept, done well, Ld. 34.

δ. to be valid, stand; eigu þau handsöl hennar at haldask, Grág. i. 334; engi má haldask dómr hans, Edda 15; skyldu þau (the truce) haldask um þingit, Nj. 348.

2. impers., mér helzk, e-m helzk vel, ílla, á e-u, to have a good hold, have luck with a thing; mér helzk lítt á sauða-mönnum, Grett. 110 A.

3. recipr., haldask á, to hold or pull one against another, wrestle, (hence á-höld); var sagt Magnúsi, at þeir héldisk á úti, that they were fighting outside, Sturl. ii. 44.

II. part. pass. haldinn, [Dan. holden], so ‘holden,’ in such and such a state; vel haldinn, in good condition, faring well, well to do, Eg. 20, 234; hugðusk þar ok haldnir ( safe) mundu vera, Ver. 34; þungliga h., very sick, Eg. 565, Hkr. ii. 199; vel haldinn, doing well; tak heldr annat fé, svá mikit, at þú þykisk vel haldinn af, i. e. fully satisfied, having got full redress, Boll. 350; Sveinn sagði, at hann vill hafa tvá hluti fjárins, Hrani sagðisk ekki af því haldinn ( satisfied) vera, Fms. iv. 31: in the phrase, heilu ok höldnu, safe and sound, Bs. i. 191, Fms. xi. 376, Hkr. i. 319; með höldnu hljóði, preserving the sound, Skálda 175.

2. ok mun þykkja sér misboðit ef þú ert haldinn (kept, protected), Finnb. 344.

β. kept, observed, Fms. xi. 99.

γ. held in custody, in prison, Bs. i. 419, Sturl. i. 151.

III. gerund., haldandi, holding good, valid; sá dómr er eigi haldandi, is not valid, K. Á. 304; af öllu afli er friðr haldandi, Hom. 5.

2. part. act., með upp haldandi höndum, with uplifted hands, Bs. i. 684.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HALDA
8 hold out

1) (to continue to survive etc until help arrives: The rescue team hoped the men in the boat could hold out till they arrived.) resistir, aguantar

2) (to continue to fight against an enemy attack: The soldiers held out for eight days.) resistir, aguantar

3) (to be enough to last: Will our supplies hold out till the end of the month?) aguantar, durar

hold out vi

1) last: aguantar, durar

2) resist: resistir

hold out (for sth.)

expr.

• resistir v.

v.

• aguantar v.

1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o ( extend) \<\<hands/arms\>\> tender*, alargar*

2) v + adv + o

a) ( offer) \<\<prospect/possibility\>\> ofrecer*; \<\<hope\>\> dar*

b) ( represent) (usu pass) presentar

c) (have, retain) \<\<hope\>\> tener*

I don't hold out much hope of getting the job — no tengo muchas esperanzas de que me den el trabajo

3) v + adv

a) (survive, last) \<\<person\>\> aguantar; \<\<food/shoes\>\> durar

b) (resist, make a stand) \<\<army/town\>\> resistir

the strikers are holding out for 5% — los huelguistas se mantienen firmes en su reivindicación de un 5% de aumento

c) ( withhold information) (colloq)

after two days of questioning he's still holding out on them — ya van dos días de interrogatorios y todavía no ha cantado (fam)

1.

VT + ADV [+ object] ofrecer, alargar; [+ hand] tender, alargar; [+ arm] extender; [+ possibility] ofrecer; [+ hope] dar

to hold out sth to sb — ofrecerle algo a algn

2. VI + ADV

1) (=resist) resistir ( against a); aguantar

to hold out for sth — insistir hasta conseguir algo

he held out for £10 — insistió en 10 libras

2) (=last) [supplies] durar; [weather] seguir bueno

* * *

1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o ( extend) \<\<hands/arms\>\> tender*, alargar*

2) v + adv + o

a) ( offer) \<\<prospect/possibility\>\> ofrecer*; \<\<hope\>\> dar*

b) ( represent) (usu pass) presentar

c) (have, retain) \<\<hope\>\> tener*

I don't hold out much hope of getting the job — no tengo muchas esperanzas de que me den el trabajo

3) v + adv

a) (survive, last) \<\<person\>\> aguantar; \<\<food/shoes\>\> durar

b) (resist, make a stand) \<\<army/town\>\> resistir

the strikers are holding out for 5% — los huelguistas se mantienen firmes en su reivindicación de un 5% de aumento

c) ( withhold information) (colloq)

after two days of questioning he's still holding out on them — ya van dos días de interrogatorios y todavía no ha cantado (fam)

English-spanish dictionary > hold out
9 stop

1. transitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not let move further) anhalten [Person, Fahrzeug]; aufhalten [Fortschritt, Verkehr, Feind]; verstummen lassen (geh.) [Gerücht, Geschichte, Lüge]; [Tormann:] halten [Ball]

she stopped her car — sie hielt an

stop thief! — haltet den Dieb!

there's no stopping somebody — jemand lässt sich nicht aufhalten

2) (not let continue) unterbrechen [Redner, Spiel, Gespräch, Vorstellung]; beenden [Krieg, Gespräch, Treffen, Spiel, Versuch, Arbeit]; stillen [Blutung]; stoppen [Produktion, Uhr, Streik, Inflation]; einstellen [Handel, Zahlung, Lieferung, Besuche, Subskriptionen, Bemühungen]; abstellen [Strom, Gas, Wasser, Missstände]; beseitigen [Schmerz]

stop that/that nonsense/that noise! — hör damit/mit diesem Unsinn/diesem Lärm auf!

bad light stopped play — (Sport) das Spiel wurde wegen schlechter Lichtverhältnisse abgebrochen

stop the show — (fig.) Furore machen

just you try and stop me! — versuch doch, mich daran zu hindern!

stop smoking/crying — aufhören zu rauchen/weinen

never stop doing something — etwas unaufhörlich tun

stop it! — hör auf [damit]!; (in more peremptory tone) Schluss damit!

stop oneself — sich zurückhalten

I couldn't stop myself — ich konnte nicht anders

3) (not let happen) verhindern [Verbrechen, Unfall]

he tried to stop us parking — er versuchte uns am Parken zu hindern

he phoned his mother to stop her [from] worrying — er rief seine Mutter an, damit sie sich keine Sorgen machte

stop something [from] happening — verhindern, dass etwas geschieht

4) (cause to cease working) abstellen [Maschine usw.]; [Streikende:] stilllegen [Betrieb]

5) (block up) zustopfen [Loch, Öffnung, Riß, Ohren]; verschließen [Wasserhahn, Rohr, Schlauch, Flasche]

6) (withhold) streichen

stop [payment of] a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen
2. intransitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not extend further) aufhören; [Straße, Treppe:] enden; [Ton:] verstummen; [Ärger:] verfliegen; [Schmerz:] abklingen; [Zahlungen, Lieferungen:] eingestellt werden

2) (not move or operate further) [Fahrzeug, Fahrer:] halten; [Maschine, Motor:] stillstehen; [Uhr, Fußgänger, Herz:] stehen bleiben

he stopped in the middle of the sentence — er unterbrach sich mitten im Satz

he never stops to think [before he acts] — er denkt nie nach [bevor er handelt]

stop! — halt!

stop at nothing — vor nichts zurückschrecken

stop dead — plötzlich stehen bleiben; [Redner:] abbrechen

3) (coll.): (stay) bleiben

stop at a hotel/at a friend's house/with somebody — in einem Hotel/im Hause eines Freundes/bei jemandem wohnen
3. noun
1) (halt) Halt, der

there will be two stops for coffee on the way — es wird unterwegs zweimal zum Kaffeetrinken angehalten

this train goes to London with only two stops — dieser Zug fährt mit nur zwei Zwischenhalten nach London

bring to a stop — zum Stehen bringen [Fahrzeug]; zum Erliegen bringen [Verkehr]; unterbrechen [Arbeit, Diskussion, Treffen]

come to a stop — stehen bleiben; [Fahrzeug:] zum Stehen kommen; [Gespräch:] abbrechen; [Arbeit, Verkehr:] zum Erliegen kommen; [Vorlesung:] abgebrochen werden

make a stop at or in a place — in einem Ort haltmachen

put a stop to — abstellen [Missstände, Unsinn]; unterbinden [Versuche]; aus der Welt schaffen [Gerücht]

put a stop on a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen

without a stop — ohne Halt [fahren, fliegen]; ohne anzuhalten [gehen, laufen]; ununterbrochen [arbeiten, reden]

2) (place) Haltestelle, die

the ship's first stop is Cairo — der erste Hafen, den das Schiff anläuft, ist Kairo

the plane's first stop is Frankfurt — die erste Zwischenlandung des Flugzeuges ist in Frankfurt

3) (Brit.): (punctuation mark) Satzzeichen, das; see also academic.ru/29834/full_stop">full stop 1)

4) (in telegram) stop

Phrasal Verbs:

- stop behind

- stop by

- stop off

- stop out

- stop over

- stop up

* * *
[stop] 1. past tense, past participle - stopped; verb
1) (to (make something) cease moving, or come to rest, a halt etc: He stopped the car and got out; This train does not stop at Birmingham; He stopped to look at the map; He signalled with his hand to stop the bus.) anhalten

2) (to prevent from doing something: We must stop him (from) going; I was going to say something rude but stopped myself just in time.) zurückhalten

3) (to discontinue or cease eg doing something: That woman just can't stop talking; The rain has stopped; It has stopped raining.) aufhören

4) (to block or close: He stopped his ears with his hands when she started to shout at him.) verstopfen

5) (to close (a hole, eg on a flute) or press down (a string on a violin etc) in order to play a particular note.) greifen

6) (to stay: Will you be stopping long at the hotel?) bleiben
2. noun
1) (an act of stopping or state of being stopped: We made only two stops on our journey; Work came to a stop for the day.) der Halt

2) (a place for eg a bus to stop: a bus stop.) die Haltestelle

3) (in punctuation, a full stop: Put a stop at the end of the sentence.) der Punkt

4) (a device on a flute etc for covering the holes in order to vary the pitch, or knobs for bringing certain pipes into use on an organ.) das Griffloch, die Klappe, das Register

5) (a device, eg a wedge etc, for stopping the movement of something, or for keeping it in a fixed position: a door-stop.) die Sperre

•

- stoppage
- stopper
- stopping
- stopcock
- stopgap
- stopwatch
- put a stop to
- stop at nothing
- stop dead
- stop off
- stop over
- stop up
* * *

stop

[stɒp, AM stɑ:p]

I. TRANSITIVE VERB

<- pp->

1. (stop from moving)

to \stop a ball einen Ball stoppen; goalkeeper einen Ball halten

to \stop a blow einen Schlag abblocken

to \stop sb/a car jdn/ein Auto anhalten

to \stop one's car anhalten

to \stop the enemy den Feind aufhalten

to \stop a thief/the traffic einen Dieb/den Verkehr aufhalten

\stop thief! haltet den Dieb!

\stop that man! haltet den Mann!

2. (make cease)

▪ to \stop sth etw stoppen [o beenden]; (temporarily) etw unterbrechen

this will \stop the pain das wird dir gegen die Schmerzen helfen

\stop that nonsense! hör auf mit dem Unsinn!

\stop it! hör auf [damit]!

what can I do to \stop this nosebleed? was kann ich gegen dieses Nasenbluten tun?

something must be done to \stop the fighting den Kämpfen muss ein Ende gesetzt werden

this fighting has to be \stopped! die Kämpfe müssen aufhören!

\stop being silly! hör auf mit dem Unsinn!

I just couldn't \stop myself ich konnte einfach nicht anders

to \stop the bleeding die Blutung stillen

to \stop the clock die Uhr anhalten

the clock is \stopped when a team scores a goal die Spielzeit wird unterbrochen, wenn ein Team ein Tor schießt

to \stop the engine den Motor abstellen

to \stop the fighting die Kämpfe einstellen

to \stop inflation/progress die Inflation/den Fortschritt aufhalten

to \stop a machine eine Maschine abstellen

to \stop a match ein Spiel beenden; referee ein Spiel abbrechen

to \stop the production of sth die Produktion einer S. gen einstellen

to \stop a rumour einem Gerücht ein Ende machen

to \stop a speech eine Rede unterbrechen

to \stop a subscription ein Abonnement kündigen

to \stop a war einen Krieg beenden

3. (cease an activity)

▪ to \stop sth etw beenden, mit etw dat aufhören

what time do you usually \stop work? wann hören Sie normalerweise auf zu arbeiten?

you just can't \stop it, can you du kannst es einfach nicht lassen, oder?

4. (prevent)

▪ to \stop sb [from] doing sth jdn davon abhalten, etw zu tun

if she really wants to leave, I don't understand what's \stopping her wenn sie wirklich weggehen will, verstehe ich nicht, was sie davon abhält

some people smoke because they think it \stops them putting on weight manche rauchen, weil sie meinen, dass sie dann nicht zunehmen

I couldn't \stop myself from having another piece of cake ich musste einfach noch ein Stück Kuchen essen

he handed in his resignation — I just couldn't \stop him er hat gekündigt — ich konnte ihn einfach nicht davon abhalten

you can't \stop me from doing that du kannst mich nicht davon abhalten

5. (refuse payment)

to \stop sb's allowance/pocket money jdm den Unterhalt/das Taschengeld streichen

to \stop [AM payment on] a cheque einen Scheck sperren

to \stop wages keine Löhne mehr zahlen

the money will be \stopped out of his salary das Geld wird von seinem Gehalt abgezogen

6. (block)

▪ to \stop sth etw verstopfen; gap, hole, leak etw [zu]stopfen

to \stop one's ears sich dat die Ohren zuhalten

when he starts shouting I just \stop my ears wenn er anfängt zu schreien, mache ich einfach die Ohren zu! fam

to have a tooth \stopped BRIT ( dated) eine Füllung bekommen

7. BOXING

▪ to \stop sb jdn schlagen

he was \stopped by a knockout in the fourth round er schied durch K.o. in der vierten Runde aus

to \stop a left/right eine Linke/Rechte parieren

to \stop a punch einen Hieb einstecken [müssen]

8. MUS

\stopped pipe gedackte Pfeife fachspr

to \stop a string eine Saite greifen

9.

▶ to \stop a bullet eine Kugel abbekommen

▶ to \stop sb's mouth jdm den Mund stopfen fam

▶ to \stop the rot die Talfahrt stoppen fig

▶ to \stop the show der absolute Höhepunkt einer Show sein

II. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<- pp->

1. (cease moving) person stehen bleiben; car [an]halten

\stop! halt!

to \stop dead abrupt innehalten

▪ to \stop to do sth stehen bleiben, um etw zu tun; car anhalten, um etw zu tun

I \stopped to pick up the letter that I had dropped ich blieb stehen und hob den Brief auf, den ich hatte fallenlassen; ( fig)

\stop to [or and] think before you speak erst denken, dann reden!

2. (cease, discontinue) machine nicht mehr laufen; clock, heart, watch stehen bleiben; rain aufhören; pain abklingen, nachlassen; production, payments eingestellt werden; film, programme zu Ende sein; speaker abbrechen

I will not \stop until they set them free ich werde keine Ruhe geben, bis sie sie freigelassen haben

she doesn't know where to \stop sie weiß nicht, wann sie aufhören muss

his heart \stopped during the operation während der Operation hatte er einen Herzstillstand

rain has \stopped play das Spiel wurde wegen Regens unterbrochen

she \stopped right in the middle of the sentence sie hielt mitten im Satz inne

3. (cease an activity)

▪ to \stop [doing sth] aufhören[, etw zu tun], [mit etw dat] aufhören

once I start eating chocolate I can't \stop wenn ich einmal anfange, Schokolade zu essen, kann ich einfach nicht mehr aufhören

I just couldn't \stop laughing ich habe mich echt totgelacht sl

if you have to keep \stopping to answer the telephone, you'll never finish wenn du ständig unterbrechen musst, um ans Telefon zu gehen, wirst du nie fertig werden

I wish you'd \stop telling me what to do ich wünschte, du würdest endlich damit aufhören, mir zu sagen, was ich tun soll

\stop being silly! hör auf mit dem Unsinn!

\stop shouting! hör auf zu schreien

I \stopped seeing him last year wir haben uns letztes Jahr getrennt

I've \stopped drinking alcohol ich trinke keinen Alkohol mehr

she \stopped drinking sie trinkt nicht mehr

please, \stop crying hör doch bitte auf zu weinen!

to \stop smoking mit dem Rauchen aufhören; (on plane etc.) das Rauchen einstellen

to \stop working aufhören zu arbeiten

4. BRIT (stay) bleiben

I'm not \stopping ich bleibe nicht lange

I can't \stop — Malcolm's waiting for me outside ich kann nicht bleiben, Malcolm wartet draußen auf mich

we \stopped for a quick bite at a motorway services wir machten kurz bei einer Autobahnraststätte Station, um etwas zu essen

I \stopped at a pub for some lunch ich habe an einem Pub haltgemacht und was zu Mittag gegessen

can you \stop at the fish shop on your way home? kannst du auf dem Nachhauseweg kurz beim Fischladen vorbeigehen?

he usually \stops at a bar for a quick drink on the way home normalerweise schaut er auf dem Nachhauseweg noch kurz auf ein Gläschen in einer Kneipe vorbei

are you \stopping here bleibst du hier?

to \stop for dinner/tea zum Abendessen/Tee bleiben

to \stop at a hotel in einem Hotel übernachten

to \stop the night BRIT ( fam) über Nacht bleiben

5. TRANSP bus, train halten

does this train \stop at Finsbury Park? hält dieser Zug in Finsbury Park?

the train to Glasgow \stops at platform 14 der Zug nach Glasgow hält am Gleis 14

6. (almost)

to \stop short of doing sth sich akk [gerade noch] bremsen [o ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ a. zurückhalten], etw zu tun

I \stopped short of telling him my secrets beinahe hätte ich ihm meine Geheimnisse verraten

7.

▶ to \stop at nothing vor nichts zurückschrecken

III. NOUN

1. (cessation of movement, activity) Halt m

please wait until the airplane has come to a complete \stop bitte warten Sie, bis das Flugzeug seine endgültige Parkposition erreicht hat

emergency \stop Notbremsung f

to bring sth to a \stop etw stoppen; project etw dat ein Ende bereiten

to bring a car to a \stop ein Auto anhalten

to bring a conversation to a \stop ein Gespräch beenden

to bring the traffic to a \stop den Verkehr zum Erliegen bringen

to bring sth to a sudden \stop etw dat ein jähes Ende bereiten

to come to a \stop stehen bleiben; car also anhalten; rain aufhören; traffic, business zum Erliegen kommen; project, production eingestellt werden

the conversation came to a \stop das Gespräch verstummte

to come to a sudden [or dead] \stop car abrupt anhalten [o stehen bleiben]; project, undertaking ein jähes Ende finden

to make a \stop anhalten

to put a \stop to sth etw dat ein Ende setzen [o einen Riegel vorschieben

2. (break) Pause f; AVIAT Zwischenlandung f; (halt) Halt m

we made two \stops wir haben zweimal haltgemacht

... including a thirty minute \stop for lunch... inklusive einer halben Stunde Pause für das Mittagessen

there were a lot of \stops and starts throughout the project die Entwicklung des Projekts verlief sehr stockend

to be at [or on] \stop signal auf Halt stehen

to drive without a \stop durchfahren

to have a \stop haltmachen

to have a \stop for coffee ein Kaffeepause machen

to make a \stop at a service station an einer Raststätte haltmachen

without a \stop ohne Pause [o Unterbrechung

3. TRANSP Haltestelle f; (for ship) Anlegestelle f

the ship's first \stop is Sydney das Schiff läuft als Erstes Sydney an; (for plane) Zwischenlandung f

the plane's first \stop is Birmingham das Flugzeug wird zunächst in Birmingham zwischenlanden

I'm getting off at the next \stop bei der nächsten Haltestelle steige ich aus

is this your \stop? steigen Sie hier aus?

is this our \stop? müssen wir hier aussteigen?

bus/tram \stop Bus-/Straßenbahnhaltestelle f

request \stop Bedarfshaltestelle f (Haltestelle, bei der man den Bus herwinken muss, da er nicht automatisch hält)

4. TYPO (punctuation mark) Satzzeichen nt; TELEC (in telegram) stop

5. TYPO (prevent from moving) Feststelltaste f; (for furniture) Sperre f

6. MUS (knob on an organ) Register nt

\stop [knob] Registerzug m; (of wind instrument) Griffloch nt

7. (phonetics) Verschlusslaut m

8. PHOT Blende f

9. FIN Sperrung f

account on \stop gesperrtes Konto

to put a \stop on a cheque einen Scheck sperren lassen

10.

▶ to pull out all the \stops alle Register ziehen

* * *
[stɒp]
1. n

1) (= act of stopping) Halt m, Stoppen nt

the signal is at stop — das Signal steht auf Halt or Stop

to bring sth to a stop (lit) — etw anhalten or stoppen, etw zum Stehen bringen; traffic etw zum Erliegen bringen; (fig) project, meeting, development einer Sache (dat) ein Ende machen; conversation etw verstummen lassen

to come to a stop (car, machine) — anhalten, stoppen; (traffic) stocken; ( fig, meeting, rain ) aufhören; (research, project) eingestellt werden; (conversation) verstummen

to come to a dead/sudden stop (vehicle) — abrupt anhalten or stoppen; (traffic) völlig/plötzlich zum Erliegen kommen; (rain) ganz plötzlich aufhören; (research, project, meeting) ein Ende nt/ein abruptes Ende finden; (conversation) völlig/abrupt verstummen

when the aircraft has come to a complete stop — wenn die Maschine völlig zum Stillstand gekommen ist

to make a stop (bus, train, tram) — (an)halten; (plane, ship) (Zwischen)station machen

to put a stop to sth — einer Sache (dat) einen Riegel vorschieben

2) (= stay) Aufenthalt m; (= break) Pause f; (AVIAT, for refuelling etc) Zwischenlandung f

to have a stop for coffee to have a stop — eine Kaffeepause machen haltmachen

we had or made three stops — wir haben dreimal haltgemacht

to work for eight hours without a stop — acht Stunden ohne Unterbrechung arbeiten

3) (= stopping place) Station f; (for bus, tram, train) Haltestelle f; (for ship) Anlegestelle f; (for plane) Landeplatz m

4) (Brit: punctuation mark) Punkt m

5) (MUS of wind instruments) (Griff)loch nt; (on organ also stopknob) Registerzug m; (= organ pipe) Register nt

to pull out all the stops (fig) — alle Register ziehen

6) (= stopper for door, window) Sperre f; (on typewriter) Feststelltaste f

7) (PHOT: f number) Blende f

8) (PHON) Verschlusslaut m; (= glottal stop) Knacklaut m

2. vt

1) (= stop when moving) person, vehicle, clock anhalten; ball stoppen; engine, machine etc abstellen; blow abblocken, auffangen; (= stop from going away, from moving on) runaway, thief etc aufhalten; attack, enemy, progress aufhalten, hemmen; traffic (= hold up) aufhalten; (= bring to complete standstill) zum Stehen or Erliegen bringen; (policeman) anhalten; (= keep out) noise, light abfangen, auffangen

stop thief! — haltet den Dieb!

to stop a bullet (be shot) — eine Kugel verpasst kriegen (inf)

to stop sb dead or in his tracks — jdn urplötzlich anhalten lassen; (in conversation) jdn plötzlich verstummen lassen

2) (= stop from continuing) activity, rumour, threat, crime ein Ende machen or setzen (+dat); nonsense, noise unterbinden; match, conversation, work beenden; development aufhalten; (temporarily) unterbrechen; flow of blood stillen, unterbinden; progress, inflation aufhalten, hemmen; speaker, speech unterbrechen; production zum Stillstand bringen; (temporarily) unterbrechen

he was talking and talking, we just couldn't stop him — er redete und redete, und wir konnten ihn nicht dazu bringen, endlich aufzuhören

the referee stopped play — der Schiedsrichter hat das Spiel abgebrochen; (temporarily)

this will stop the pain — das hilft gegen die Schmerzen

3) (= cease) aufhören mit

to stop doing sth — aufhören, etw zu tun, etw nicht mehr tun

she never stops talking — sie redet ununterbrochen or in einer Tour (inf)

to stop smoking — mit dem Rauchen aufhören; (temporarily) das Rauchen einstellen

I'm trying to stop smoking — ich versuche, das Rauchen aufzugeben or nicht mehr zu rauchen

stop saying that — nun sag das doch nicht immer

stop it! — lass das!, hör auf!

I just can't stop it — ich kann es nicht lassen

4) (= suspend) stoppen; payments, production, fighting einstellen; leave, cheque, water supply, wages sperren; privileges unterbinden; subsidy, allowances, grant etc streichen; battle, negotiations, proceedings abbrechen; (= cancel) subscription kündigen; (temporarily) delivery, newspaper abbestellen

the money was stopped out of his wages (Brit) — das Geld wurde von seinem Lohn einbehalten

5) (= prevent from happening) sth verhindern; (= prevent from doing) sb abhalten

to stop oneself — sich beherrschen, sich bremsen (inf)

can't you stop him? — können Sie ihn nicht davon abhalten?

there's no stopping him (inf) — er ist nicht zu bremsen (inf)

there's nothing stopping you or to stop you — es hindert Sie nichts, es hält Sie nichts zurück

6)

(in participial construction) to stop sb (from) doing sth — jdn davon abhalten or (physically) daran hindern, etw zu tun

that'll stop the gas (from) escaping/the pipe( from) leaking — das wird verhindern, dass Gas entweicht/das Rohr leckt

to stop the thief (from) escaping — den Dieb an der Flucht hindern

it will stop you from worrying — dann brauchen Sie sich (dat) keine Sorgen zu machen

to stop oneself from doing sth — sich zurückhalten und etw nicht tun

7) (= block) verstopfen; (with cork, bung, cement etc) zustopfen (with mit); (= fill) tooth plombieren, füllen; (fig) gap füllen, stopfen; leak of information stopfen; (MUS) string greifen; finger hole zuhalten

to stop one's ears with cotton wool/one's fingers — sich (dat) Watte/die Finger in die Ohren stecken

3. vi

1) (= halt) anhalten; (train, car) (an)halten, stoppen; (traveller, driver, hiker) haltmachen; (pedestrian, clock, watch) stehen bleiben; (engine, machine) nicht mehr laufen

stop right there! — halt!, stopp!

we stopped for a drink at the pub — wir machten in der Kneipe Station, um etwas zu trinken

to stop at nothing (to do sth) (fig) — vor nichts haltmachen(, um etw zu tun)

to stop dead or in one's tracks — plötzlich or abrupt or auf der Stelle stehen bleiben

See:

→ short

2) (= finish, cease) aufhören; (heart) aufhören zu schlagen, stehen bleiben; (production, payments, delivery) eingestellt werden; (programme, show, match, film) zu Ende sein

to stop doing sth — aufhören, etw zu tun, mit etw aufhören

ask him to stop — sag ihm, er soll aufhören

he stopped in mid sentence — er brach mitten im Satz ab

I will not stop until I find him/convince you — ich gebe keine Ruhe, bis ich ihn gefunden habe/dich überzeugt habe

if you had stopped to think — wenn du nur einen Augenblick nachgedacht hättest

stop to think before you speak — erst denken, dann reden

he never knows when or where to stop — er weiß nicht, wann er aufhören muss or Schluss machen muss

3) (Brit inf = stay) bleiben (at in +dat, with bei)

to stop for or to supper — zum Abendessen bleiben

* * *

stop [stɒp; US stɑp]

A v/t prät und pperf stopped, obs stopt

1. aufhören ( doing zu tun):

stop doing sth auch etwas bleiben lassen;

do stop that noise hör (doch) auf mit dem Lärm!;

stop it hör auf (damit)!

2. a) allg aufhören mit

b) Besuche etc, WIRTSCH seine Zahlungen, eine Tätigkeit, JUR das Verfahren einstellen

c) Verhandlungen etc abbrechen

3. a) allg ein Ende machen oder bereiten, Einhalt gebieten (dat)

b) den Fortschritt, Verkehr etc aufhalten, zum Halten oder Stehen bringen, stoppen:

nothing could stop him nichts konnte ihn aufhalten

c) einen Wagen, Zug etc stoppen, anhalten

d) eine Maschine, den Motor, auch das Gas etc abstellen

e) eine Fabrik stilllegen

f) Lärm etc unterbinden

g) Boxen: einen Kampf abbrechen

4. auch stop payment on einen Scheck etc sperren (lassen)

5. einen Sprecher etc unterbrechen

6. SPORT

a) Boxen, Fechten: einen Schlag, Hieb parieren

b) einen Gegner besiegen, stoppen:

stop a blow sich einen Schlag einfangen;

stop a bullet eine Kugel verpasst bekommen; → packet A 5

7. (from) abhalten (von), hindern (an dat):

stop sb (from) doing sth jemanden davon abhalten oder daran hindern, etwas zu tun

8. auch stop up ein Leck etc ver-, zustopfen:

stop one’s ears sich die Ohren zuhalten;

stop sb’s mouth fig jemandem den Mund stopfen, jemanden zum Schweigen bringen (a. euph umbringen); → gap 1

9. versperren, -stopfen, blockieren

10. Blut, auch eine Wunde stillen

11. einen Zahn plombieren, füllen

12. einen Betrag abziehen, einbehalten ( beide:

out of, from von)

13. MUS

a) eine Saite, einen Ton greifen

b) ein Griffloch zuhalten, schließen

c) ein Blasinstrument, einen Ton stopfen

14. LING interpunktieren

15. stop down FOTO das Objektiv abblenden

B v/i

1. (an)halten, haltmachen, stehen bleiben (auch Uhr etc), stoppen

2. aufhören, an-, innehalten, eine Pause machen:

he stopped in the middle of a sentence er hielt mitten in einem Satz inne;

he’ll stop at nothing er schreckt vor nichts zurück, er geht über Leichen;

stop out US seine Ausbildung kurzzeitig unterbrechen; → dead C 2, short B 1, B 3

3. aufhören (Lärm, Zahlung etc)

4. stop off

a) kurz haltmachen,

b) Zwischenstation machen

5. stop over Zwischenstation machen

6. stop by bes US kurz (bei jemandem) vorbeikommen oder -schauen

7. bleiben:

stop in bed ( at home, etc);

stop away (from) fernbleiben (dat), wegbleiben (von);

stop behind noch dableiben;

stop in

a) auch stop indoors zu Hause oder drinnen bleiben

b) SCHULE nachsitzen;

stop out

a) wegbleiben, nicht heimkommen,

b) WIRTSCH weiterstreiken;

stop up aufbleiben, wach bleiben

C s

1. a) Stopp m, Halt m, Stillstand m

b) Ende n:

come to a stop anhalten, weitS. zu einem Ende kommen, aufhören;

put a stop to, bring to a stop → A 3 a; → abrupt 4

2. Pause f

3. BAHN etc Aufenthalt m, Halt m

4. a) BAHN Station f

b) (Bus) Haltestelle f

c) SCHIFF Anlegestelle f

5. Absteigequartier n

6. Hemmnis n, Hindernis n

7. TECH Anschlag m, Sperre f, Hemmung f

8. WIRTSCH

a) Sperrung f, Sperrauftrag m (für Scheck etc)

b) → stop order

9. MUS

a) Griff m, Greifen n (einer Saite etc)

b) Griffloch n

c) Klappe f

d) Ventil n

e) Register n (einer Orgel etc)

f) Registerzug m:

pull out all the stops fig alle Register ziehen, alle Hebel in Bewegung setzen

10. LING

a) Knacklaut m

b) Verschlusslaut m

11. FOTO f-Blende f (als Einstellmarke)

12. a) Satzzeichen n

b) Punkt m

* * *
1. transitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not let move further) anhalten [Person, Fahrzeug]; aufhalten [Fortschritt, Verkehr, Feind]; verstummen lassen (geh.) [Gerücht, Geschichte, Lüge]; [Tormann:] halten [Ball]

she stopped her car — sie hielt an

stop thief! — haltet den Dieb!

there's no stopping somebody — jemand lässt sich nicht aufhalten

2) (not let continue) unterbrechen [Redner, Spiel, Gespräch, Vorstellung]; beenden [Krieg, Gespräch, Treffen, Spiel, Versuch, Arbeit]; stillen [Blutung]; stoppen [Produktion, Uhr, Streik, Inflation]; einstellen [Handel, Zahlung, Lieferung, Besuche, Subskriptionen, Bemühungen]; abstellen [Strom, Gas, Wasser, Missstände]; beseitigen [Schmerz]

stop that/that nonsense/that noise! — hör damit/mit diesem Unsinn/diesem Lärm auf!

bad light stopped play — (Sport) das Spiel wurde wegen schlechter Lichtverhältnisse abgebrochen

stop the show — (fig.) Furore machen

just you try and stop me! — versuch doch, mich daran zu hindern!

stop smoking/crying — aufhören zu rauchen/weinen

never stop doing something — etwas unaufhörlich tun

stop it! — hör auf [damit]!; (in more peremptory tone) Schluss damit!

stop oneself — sich zurückhalten

I couldn't stop myself — ich konnte nicht anders

3) (not let happen) verhindern [Verbrechen, Unfall]

he tried to stop us parking — er versuchte uns am Parken zu hindern

he phoned his mother to stop her [from] worrying — er rief seine Mutter an, damit sie sich keine Sorgen machte

stop something [from] happening — verhindern, dass etwas geschieht

4) (cause to cease working) abstellen [Maschine usw.]; [Streikende:] stilllegen [Betrieb]

5) (block up) zustopfen [Loch, Öffnung, Riß, Ohren]; verschließen [Wasserhahn, Rohr, Schlauch, Flasche]

6) (withhold) streichen

stop [payment of] a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen
2. intransitive verb,
- pp-

1) (not extend further) aufhören; [Straße, Treppe:] enden; [Ton:] verstummen; [Ärger:] verfliegen; [Schmerz:] abklingen; [Zahlungen, Lieferungen:] eingestellt werden

2) (not move or operate further) [Fahrzeug, Fahrer:] halten; [Maschine, Motor:] stillstehen; [Uhr, Fußgänger, Herz:] stehen bleiben

he stopped in the middle of the sentence — er unterbrach sich mitten im Satz

he never stops to think [before he acts] — er denkt nie nach [bevor er handelt]

stop! — halt!

stop at nothing — vor nichts zurückschrecken

stop dead — plötzlich stehen bleiben; [Redner:] abbrechen

3) (coll.): (stay) bleiben

stop at a hotel/at a friend's house/with somebody — in einem Hotel/im Hause eines Freundes/bei jemandem wohnen
3. noun
1) (halt) Halt, der

there will be two stops for coffee on the way — es wird unterwegs zweimal zum Kaffeetrinken angehalten

this train goes to London with only two stops — dieser Zug fährt mit nur zwei Zwischenhalten nach London

bring to a stop — zum Stehen bringen [Fahrzeug]; zum Erliegen bringen [Verkehr]; unterbrechen [Arbeit, Diskussion, Treffen]

come to a stop — stehen bleiben; [Fahrzeug:] zum Stehen kommen; [Gespräch:] abbrechen; [Arbeit, Verkehr:] zum Erliegen kommen; [Vorlesung:] abgebrochen werden

make a stop at or in a place — in einem Ort haltmachen

put a stop to — abstellen [Missstände, Unsinn]; unterbinden [Versuche]; aus der Welt schaffen [Gerücht]

put a stop on a cheque — einen Scheck sperren lassen

without a stop — ohne Halt [fahren, fliegen]; ohne anzuhalten [gehen, laufen]; ununterbrochen [arbeiten, reden]

2) (place) Haltestelle, die

the ship's first stop is Cairo — der erste Hafen, den das Schiff anläuft, ist Kairo

the plane's first stop is Frankfurt — die erste Zwischenlandung des Flugzeuges ist in Frankfurt

3) (Brit.): (punctuation mark) Satzzeichen, das; see also full stop 1)

4) (in telegram) stop

Phrasal Verbs:

- stop behind

- stop by

- stop off

- stop out

- stop over

- stop up

* * *

(mechanics) n.

Sperre -n f. n.

Abbruch -e (Sport) m.

Halt -e m.

Pause -n f. v.

absperren v.

anhalten v.

arretieren v.

aufhalten v.

aufhören v.

pfropfen v.

zustöpseln v.

English-german dictionary > stop
10 wstrzym|ać

pf — wstrzym|ywać impf Ⅰ vt 1. (zahamować) to stop
- wstrzymywać atak nieprzyjaciela to fend off an enemy attack
2. (odwlec, zawiesić) to withhold [wypłatę]; to suspend [prace, dostawy, produkcję]; to hold [oddech] 3. (zablokować) to stop
- wstrzymać ruch na ulicy to close off a road
Ⅱ wstrzymać się — wstrzymywać się książk. 1. (powstrzymać się) to refrain, to abstain
- wstrzymać się od głosu to abstain from voting
2. (poczekać) to postpone (z czymś sth)
- wstrzymać się z opinią to withhold judgement

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wstrzym|ać
11 fire

огонь; стрельба; ркт. пуск; обстрел; пожар; зажигать, воспламенять; вести огонь; стрелять; производить выстрел; см. тж. engagement; firing; shooting

bring fire to bear (on) — обрушивать огонь, обстреливать

dedicate the fires of a battery (to a unit) — ставить задачу (батарее) на специальную огневую поддержку (части)

walk the fire (up) — постепенно переносить огонь

— absorb fire

— accompanying fire

— adjust fire

— adjusted fire

— adjustment fire

— advance fire

— advancing fire

— aerial fires

— aerial suppressive fire

— ahead fire

— aimed fire

— aircraft missile fire

— air-delivered fires

— air-observed fire

— all-angle fire

— alternate traversing fire

— annihilation fire

— anti-action fires

— anticoast fire

— antipersonnel fire

— antishore fire

— APC fire

— apply fire

— approximate adjustment fire

— area denial fire

— area fire

— area suppression fire

— artillery covering fire

— assault fire

— at short halt fire

— at-halt fire

— attack by fire and maneuver

— attack by fire

— augment fire

— automatic fire

— barrage fire

— biological fires

— blanket the fire

— blanketing fire

— blind fire

— blinding fire

— blocking fire

— bpecial ammunition preparation fire

— bracket fire

— bring back the fire

— bring down fire

— bring in fire

— bring under fire

— build up fire

— bullet fire

— burst fire

— calibration fire

— call down fire

— call fire

— call for fire

— cease fire

— check fire

— chemical fires

— close defensive fire

— close quarter fire

— close-in fire

— close-supporting fire

— coax fire

— collective fire

— combine fire

— combined fire

— come under fires

— complement fire

— concentrated fire

— contamination fire

— continuous fire

— continuously pointed fire

— control fire

— controlled fire

— conventional ammunition preparation fire

— coordinate fire laterally and in depth

— coordinated fire

— coordinated illumination fire

— corrected map fire

— counter enemy fire

— counterbattery neutralization fire

— counterflak fire

— countermissile fire

— countermortar fire

— counterpreparation fire

— cover by fire

— cover with fire

— covering fire by timed program

— covering fire

— crisscross fire

— crisscross wiih fire

— cross fire

— curtain fire

— curved fire

— deceptive fire

— dedicated fires

— deep fire

— deep supporting fire

— deepen the artillery fire

— defensive final protective fire

— defensive fire

— defilade fire

— deflect fire

— delayed contact fire

— deliberate fire

— deliver fire

— demolition fire

— denial fire

— depth fire

— designator-aimed fire

— destruction fire

— destructive fire

— desultory fire

— deterrent fire

— develop fires

— diagonal fire

— dilatory fire

— direct fire

— direct laying fire

— direct support reinforcing fire

— director fire

— direct-supporting fire

— discriminatory fire

— disperse fires

— dispersion fire along movement route

— disruptive fire for effect

— dissipate fires

— distorting fire

— distribute fire

— distributed fire

— disturbing fire

— divided fire

— dodge ground fire

— draw fire

— effective fire

— eliminate fire

— emergency massed fires

— employ fire

— endure fire

— enfilade fire

— engage by fire

— enter into fire for effect

— enter into fire

— exchange fire

— execute fire

— exploit fires

— expose to fire

— external supporting fires

— familiarization fire

— fast massed fire

— final protective fire

— fire at random

— fire at will

— fire beyond the final objective

— fire first

— fire for adjustment

— fire for demolition

— fire for effect

— fire for improvement

— fire for infection

— fire for registration

— fire from defilade

— fire from hip

— fire from shoulder

— fire from waist

— fire in front of the FEBA

— fire in succession

— fire in support

— fire in the upper register

— fire on call

— fire on friendly positions

— fire over friendly troops

— fire over the sights

— fire smoke

— fire to cover obstacles

— fire to support strong points

— fire to the oblique

— fire under attack

— fire when underway

— first round fire for effect

— first-aimed fire

— fixed fire

— flank protective fire

— flanking fire

— flare-up fire

— flash fire

— flat fire

— flex fire

— free from fire

— frontal fire

— full-automatic fire

— general support reinforcing fire

— general supporting fire

— grazing fire

— ground delivered nuclear fires

— ground observed fire

— gun fire

— hang fire

— harassing fire

— harassment fire

— head-on parallel course fire

— heavy fire

— hemming-in fire

— high fire

— high-angle fire

— highly responsive fire

— high-volume fire

— hold fire

— hold under fire

— holding fire

— horizontal fire

— hovering fire

— hug the fire

— immediate fire

— impromptu fire

— improvement fire

— incendiary fire

— independent fire

— indirect laying fire

— indiscriminate fire

— individual fire

— initiate fire

— interdiction fire

— interdictory fire

— interlocking fire

— intermittent fire

— interrupted fire

— invite fire

— keep under fire

— lateral observed fire

— lay down fire

— leading fire

— lift fire

— light fire

— liquid fire

— live ammunition fire

— long-distance fire

— long-range fire

— low-angle fire

— lower register fire

— maintain normal fires

— maneuver fires

— marching fire

— marking fires

— mask fires

— mass fire

— massed fire

— medium fire

— missile fire

— mixed fire

— mobile aimed fire

— mobile covering fire

— mobile direct fire

— mounted fire

— multilayer fire

— naval support fire

— neutralization fire

— neutralize fire

— neutralizing fire

— nonnuclear fire

— nonnuclear preparatory fire

— nonorganic fire

— normal fire

— nuclear fire

— nuclear-free fire

— oblique fire

— obscuration fire

— observation fire

— observe fire

— observed fire

— observed indirect fire

— offensive fire

— one-round battery fire

— open up with fire

— opportunity fire

— orbital fire

— organic fire

— outflank by fire

— outrun fire

— overhead fire

— overlapping fire

— overwatching fire

— parallel fire

— pin-point target suppression fire

— pitching fire

— place fire on

— place under fire

— plan fires

— plot fire

— plunging fire

— point blank fire

— point fire

— point MG fire

— post-action fires

— practice fire

— prearrange fire

— prearranged fire

— prearranged support fire

— predicted fire

— preparation fire

— preplanned fire

— preregister fire

— prone fire

— provide fire

— qualification fire

— quick fire

— rake with fire

— raking fire

— random delay fire

— ranging fire

— rapid-ripple fire

— receive fire

— recurrent fire

— register fire

— registered fire

— registration fire

— regulate fire

— reinforce fire

— reinforcing fire

— reprisal fire

— request fire

— reserve fire

— responsive fire

— restrict fire

— retaliation fire

— return fire

— return fire

— reverse fire

— ricochet fire

— rifle fire

— right angle fire

— ripple fire

— round-the-cover fire

— run into fire

— running fire

— salvo fire

— saturation fire

— scheduled fire

— screening fire

— searching and traversing fire

— searching fire

— secondary fires

— secure supporting fires

— semiautomatic fire

— serial fire

— set fire to

— shift fire

— ship fire at anchor

— ship fire on the move

— ship fire when moored

— ship fire

— short-controlled burst fire

— single shot fire

— slant fire

— sloping fire

— small arms fire

— smoke adjustment fire

— smoke laying fire

— sniping fire

— speculative fire

— spill fire

— split fires

— spluttered fire

— spoiling suppression fire

— sporadic fire

— staccato fire

— stand fire

— standing barrage fire

— stationary fire

— stationary overwatching fire

— straight line fire

— subject to fire

— successive fire

— superimposed fire

— supplement fire

— supporting fire

— suppress fire

— suppression fire

— suppressive fire

— surface-to-surface supporting fire

— surprise fire

— suspend fire

— sustained fire

— sweep with fire

— sweeping fire

— switch fire

— systematic fire

— take fire

— tank fire

— target fires in depth

— terminal guidance indirect fire

— terrain blanketing fire

— thicken fire

— three-shot burst fire

— throw fire into

— throw up fire

— time fire

— toxic chemical fire

— trial fire

— trigger fire

— troop fire

— turn fire on

— TV-aimed fire

— uncontrolled fire

— under fire

— unobserved fire

— unseen fire

— unvulnerable to fire

— velocity fire

— verification fire

— vertical fire

— vertically distributed fires

— visual fire

— volley fire

— well-sited fire

— withhold fire

— zone fire

English-Russian military dictionary > fire
12 ἔχω

ἔχω (A), [ per.] 2sg. ἔχεισθα cj. in Thgn. 1316 ( ἔχοισθα cod.), ἔχῃσθα cj. in Sapph.21 ( ἔχεισθα cod.); [ per.] 2sg. subj.

A ἔχῃσθα Il.19.180
: [tense] impf. εἶχον, [dialect] Ep. ἔχον Od.2.22
, al., [dialect] Ion. and poet. ἔχεσκον Il.13.257
, Hdt.6.12, Epigr.Gr.988.6 ([place name] Balbilla): [tense] fut. ἕξω, [dialect] Ep. inf. ἑξέμεναι Call.Aet.3.1.27
(of duration) or σχήσω (of momentary action, esp. in sense check, v. infr. A. 11.9, not found in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. or NT); [ per.] 2sg. σχήσησθα h.Cer. 366
codd.: [tense] aor. 1 ἔσχης α f.l.in Nonn.D.17.177, also ἔσχα IG3.1363.6
, 14.1728, [ per.] 3pl. μετ-έσχαν ib.12(7).271.12 (Amorgos, iii A.D.): [tense] aor. 2 ἔσχον, imper. σχές S.El. 1013
, E.Hipp. 1353 (anap.) ( σχέ only in Orac. ap. Sch.E.Ph. 638 (dub.l.), sts. in compds. in codd., as πάρασχε E.Hec. 842
, κάτασχε Id.HF 1210
); subj. σχῶ Il.21.309
, etc.; opt. σχοίην Isoc. 1.45
, in compds. σχοῖμι (as μετάσχοιμι S.OC 1484
(lyr.), κατάσχοιμεν Th.6.11
); [ per.] 3pl. σχοίησαν Hyp.Eux.32
, σχοῖεν Th.6.33
; inf. σχεῖν Il. 16.520
, etc., [dialect] Ep. σχέμεν 8.254
(in Alexandr. Gr. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. 2 εἴχοσαν AP5.208
(Posidipp. or Asclep.), v.l. in Ev.Jo.15.22, ἔσχοσαν Scymn.695
): for the poet. form ἔσχεθον, v. Σχέθω: [tense] pf. ἔσχηκα Pl.Lg. 765a
, εἴσχηκα in Inscrr. of iii/i B.C., SIG679.54, etc.; [dialect] Ep. ὄχωκα is dub., v. συνόχωκα:—[voice] Med., [tense] impf. εἰχόμην Pi.P.4.244
, etc.: [tense] fut. ἕξομαι Il.9.102
, etc.; σχήσομαι ib. 235, Ar.Av. 1335, more freq. in compds. ( ἀνα-) A.Th. 252, ( παρα-) Lys.9.8, etc.: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. παρ-έσχημαι in med. sense, X.An.7.6.11, etc.: [tense] aor. 2 ἐσχόμην Hom.
, Hdt.6.85, rare in [dialect] Att. exc. in compds.; imper. σχέο Il.21.379
, σχέσθε 22.416
, later σχοῦ in compds. ( ἀνά- ) E. lon947, etc.; inf. σχέσθαι Od.4.422
, Hes.Fr.79:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. [voice] Med. ἐν-έξομαι in pass. sense, E.Or. 516, D.51.11, later σχεθήσομαι Gal.UP15.3
, freq. in compds. (συ- ) Phld.Ir.p.83 W., (ἐν- ) Plu.2.98 of, ( ἐπι-) S.E.P.1.186: [tense] aor. 1 ἐσχέθην Arr.An.5.7.4
, 6.11.2, Aret.SA2.5, (κατ-, συν-) Plu.Sol. 21, Hp.Int. 45 vulg.: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. σχήσομαι in pass. sense, Il.9.235 (dub.), 655, 13.630: [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Med. in pass. sense, ἐσχόμην Il.17.696
, al., Hdt. 1.31 ( σχέτο Il.7.248
, 21.345), part. σχόμενος Od.11.279
, prob. in Isoc.19.11, ( κατα-) Pi.P.1.10, Pl.Phdr. 244e, Parth.33.2 (s.v.l.): [tense] pf. ἔσχημαι Paus.4.21.2
; also in compds., freq. written - ίσχημαι, -ήσχημαι in codd. of late authors. (I.-E. seĝh- (cf. Skt. sáhate 'overpower', Goth. sigis 'victory', Gr. ἔχ- dissim. fr. ἔχ-), reduced form sĝh-(σχ-), whence redupl. ἴσχω ( = si-sĝh-o) (q.v.): cf. ἕκ-τωρ, ἕξω, ἕξις; but hέχ- IG12.374.161, al., is a mere error (ἔχ- ib.12.116.4, 16).)

A Trans., have, hold:

I possess, of property, the most common usage, Od.2.336, 16.386, etc.; οἵ τι ἔχοντες the propertied class, Hdt.6.22; ὁ ἔχων a wealthy man, S.Aj. 157 (anap.); οἱ ἔχοντες E.Alc.57
, Ar.Eq. 1295, Pl. 596; οἱ οὐκ ἔχοντες the poor, E.Supp. 240; κακὸν τὸ μὴ 'χειν Id.Ph. 405
; ἔχειν χρέα to have debts due to one, D. 36.41, cf. 37.12; to have received, θεῶν ἄπο κάλλος ἐ. h.Ven.77
; τι ἔκ τινος S.OC 1618
; παρά τινος Id.Aj. 663
; πρός τινος X.An.7.6.33
, etc.; ὑπὸ.. θεοῖσι h.Ap. 191
; πλέον, ἔλασσον ἔ.. (v. h. vv.): in [tense] aor., acquire, get, ὄνομα E. Ion 997
: also [tense] fut. σχήσω, δύναμιν Th.6.6
; λέχος E.Hel.30
, cf. Pi.P.9.116:—[voice] Pass., to be possessed, ἔντεα.. μετὰ Τρώεσσιν ἔχονται Il.18.130
, cf. 197.

2 keep, have charge of, ἔχον πατρώϊα ἔργα Od. 2.22
; κῆπον 4.737
; Εἰλείθυιαι.. ὠδῖνας ἔχουσαι Il.11.271
; πύλαι.., ἃς ἔχον Ὧραι 5.749
, 8.393; τὰς ἀγέλας X.Cyr.7.3.7
; διαιτητῶν ἐχόντων τὰς δίκας having control of, D.47.45; to be engaged in, φυλακὰς ἔχον kept watch, Il.9.1, 471; σκοπιὴν ἔχεν Od.8.302
; ἀλαοσκοπιὴν εἶχε Il. 10.515
, 13.10; σκοπιὴν ἔ. τινός for a thing, Hdt.5.13; δυσμενῶν θήραν ἔχων S.Aj. 564
, etc.; ἐν χερσὶν ἔ. τι (v. χείρ).

b metaph., of a patient, οὐκ ἔχει ἑωυτόν is not himself, Hp.Int.49.

3 c. acc. loci, inhabit, οὐρανόν Il.21.267
; Ὄλυμπον 5.890
; haunt, [Νύμφαι] ἔχουσ' ὀρέων αἰπεινὰ κάρηνα Od.6.123
; Βρόμιος ἔχει τὸν χῶρον A.Eu.24
; esp. of tutelary gods and heroes, Th.2.74, X.Cyr.8.3.24; of men, πόλιν καὶ γαῖαν Od.6.177
, 195, etc.; Θήβας ἔσχον ( ἔσχεν codd.) ruled it, E.HF 4; ἔχεις γὰρ χῶρον occupiest it, S.OC37, cf. Od.23.46; in military sense, ἔ. τὸ δεξιόν (with or without κέρας) Th.3.107, X.An.2.1.15; of beasts, τὰ ὄρη ἔ. Id.Cyn.5.12
.

4 have to wife or as husband (usu. without γυναῖκα, ἄνδρα) , οὕνεκ' ἔχεις Ἑλένην καί σφιν γαμβρὸς Διός ἐσσι Od. 4.569
, cf.7.313, Il.3.53, etc.; ἔσχε ἄλλην ἀδελφεήν Hdt.3.31
, cf. Th.2.29; νυμφίον Call.Aet.3.1.27
; also of a lover, Th.6.54, AP5.185 (Posidipp.), etc.; ἔχω Λαΐδα, ἀλλ' οὐκ ἔχομαι Aristipp.
ap. D.L.2.75, cf. Ath. 12.544d:—in [voice] Pass., τοῦ περ θυγάτηρ ἔχεθ' Ἕκτορι Il.6.398
.

5 have in one's house, entertain, Od.17.515, 20.377, h.Ven. 231, 273.

6 [tense] pres. part. with Verbs, almost, = with, ἤϊε ἔχων ταῦτα Hdt.3.128
, cf. 2.115; ὃς ἂν ἥκῃ ἔχων στρατόν Id.7.8
.δ', cf. X.Cyr.1.6.10.—Prose use.

7 of Place, ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ ἔ. τι keep it on one's left, i.e. to keep to the right of it, Od.3.171; ἐπ' ἀριστερὰ χειρὸς ἔ. 5.277
; ἐν δεξιᾷ, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἔ., Th.3.106; τοὺς οἰκέτας ὑστάτους ἔ. X.Cyr.4.2.2: but in [tense] aor., get, περιπλώοντες τὴν Λιβύην τὸν ἥλιον ἔσχον ἐς τὰ δεξιά Hdt.4.42
.

8 of Habits, States, or Conditions, bodily or mental, γῆρας λυγρὸν ἔ Od.24.250
; ἀνεκτὸν ἔχει κακόν 20.83
; ἕλκος Il.16.517
; λύσσαν 9.305
; μάχην ἔ. 14.57
; ἀρετῆς πέρι δῆριν ἔ. Od.24.515
; ὕβριν ἔ. indulge in.., 1.368, etc.; [ Ἀφροδίτην] 22.445; [φρένας] ἔ. Il.13.394
, etc.; βουλήν 2.344
; τλήμονα θυμόν 5.670
; τόνδε νόον καὶ θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔχοντες 4.309
, cf. Od.14.490 (for later senses of νοῦν ἔχειν, v. νοῦς) ; ἄλγεα Il.5.895
, etc.; ἄχεα θυμῷ 3.412
; πένθος μετὰ φρεσίν 24.105
; πένθος φρεσίν Od.7.219
; πόνον.. καὶ ὀϊζύν Il.13.2
, Od.8.529; οὐδὲν βίαιον Hdt.3.15
; πρήγματα ἔ. Id.7.147
, cf. Pl.Tht. 174b, etc.: in periphrastic phrases, ποθὴν ἔ. τινός, = ποθεῖν, Il.6.362; ἐπιδευὲς ἔ. τινός, = ἐπιδεύεσθαι, 19.180; ἔ. τέλος, = τελεῖσθαι, 18.378; κότον ἔ. τινί, = κοτεῖσθαι, 13.517; ἐπιθυμίαν τινός E.Andr. 1281
; φροντίδα τινός Id.Med. 1301
; ἡσυχίην ἔ. keep quiet, Hdt.2.45, etc. ([tense] fut. ἡσυχίαν ἕξειν D.47.29
, but οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅπως.. ἡ. σχήσει will not keep still for a moment, Id.1.14); αἰτίαν ἔ. to be accused, X.An.7.1.8; ὑπό τινος A.Eu.99
(but μομφὴν ἔ., = μέμφεσθαι, E.Or. 1069, A.Pr. 445): in [tense] aor., of entering upon a state, ἔσχεν χόλον conceived anger, B. 5.104; ἔχειν τι κατά τινος have something against somebody, Ev.Matt.5.23, Ev.Marc.11.25, Apoc.2.4; ἔχω τι πρός τινα Act.Ap.24.19
; ἔχειν πρός τινα 2 Ep.Cor.5.12
; ἕξει πρὸς τὸν Θεόν JRS14.85
([place name] Laodicea): —these phrases are freq. inverted, οὓς ἔχε γῆρας Il.18.515
; οὐδὲ Ποσειδάωνα γέλως ἔχε Od.8.344
; ἀμηχανίη δ' ἔχε θυμόν 9.295
; θάμβος δ' ἔχεν εἰσορόωντας Il.4.79
; σ' αὔτως κλέος ἐσθλὸν ἔχει 17.143
; Διὸς αἴσῃ, ἥ μ' ἕξει παρὰ νηυσί 9.609
(unless the antecedent is τιμῆς in 1.608); ὥς σφεας ἡσυχίη τῆς πολιορκίης ἔσχε Hdt.6.135
; ὄφρα με βίος ἔχῃ S.El. 225
(lyr.): c. dupl. acc., φόβος μ' ἔχει φρένας A.Supp. 379
; also of external objects, αἴθρη ἔχει κορυφήν Od.12.76
; μιν ἔχεν μένος ἠελίοιο 10.160
; σε οἶνος ἔχει φρένας 18.331
; ἔχῃ βέλος ὀξὺ γυναῖκα, of a woman in travail, Il.11.269; λόγος ἔχει τινά c. inf., the story goes, that.., S.OC 1573 (lyr.); and so in later Gr., Plu.Dem.28, Ph. 1.331, Ael.VH3.14, NA5.42, Ath.13.592e; ὡς ἡ φάτις μιν ἔχει Hdt. 7.3
, cf. 5,26, 9.78 (but also ἔχει φάτιν Διονυσοφάνης θάψαι Μαρδόνιον Id.9.84
; [Κλεισθένης] λόγον ἔχει τὴν Πυθίην ἀναπεῖσαι Id.5.66
); ὡς ἂν λόγος ἔχῃ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους, ὅτι .. Plu.Alex.38:—[voice] Pass., ἔχεσθαι κακότητι καὶ ἄλγεσι Od.8.182
; κωκυτῷ καὶ οἰμωγῇ Il.22.409
; ὀργῇ Hdt.1.141
; νούσῳ Hp.Epid.5.6
; ἀγρυπνίῃσι Hdt.3.129
; ὑπὸ πυρετοῦ Hp.Aph.4.34
; ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδρωπος Id.Prorrh.2.6
, ἐν ἀπόρῳ Th.1.25
; ἐν συμφοραῖς Pl.R. 395e
.

9 possess mentally, understand, ἵππων δμῆσιν Il.17.476
; τέχνην Hes.Th. 770
; πάντ' ἔχεις λόγον A. Ag. 582
, cf. E.Alc.51; ἔχετε τὸ πρᾶγμα S.Ph. 789
; ἔχεις τι; do you understand? Ar.Nu. 733: imper. ἔχε attend! listen! Pl.Alc.1.109b; ἔ. οὖν ib. 129b: with imper., ἔχ', ἀποκάθαιρε Ar. Pax 1193
; ἔ. νυν, ἄλειψον Id.Eq. 490
; ἔχεις τοῦτο ἰσχυρῶς; Pl.Tht. 154a; know of a thing, μαντικῆς ὁδόν S.OT 311
; τινὰ σωτηρίαν; E.Or. 778 (troch.).

10 keep up, maintain, καναχὴν ἔχε made a rattling noise, Il.16.105, 794; βοὴν ἔχον, of flutes and lyres, 18.495.

11 involve, admit of, τά γ' αἰσχρὰ κἀνθάδ' αἰσχύνην ἔχει E.Andr. 244
, cf. Th.1.5; βάσανον Lys.12.31
; ταῦτ' ἀπιστίαν, ταῦτ' ὀργὴν ἔχει D.10.44
; ἀγανάκτησιν, κατάμεμψιν, Th.2.41; τὰ ἀόρατα νοσήματα δυσχερεστέραν ἔχει τὴν θεραπείαν Onos. 1.15
.

12 of Measure or Value, τὸ Δαμαρέτειον.. εἶχε Ἀττικὰς δραχμὰς δέκα D.S.11.26
; ἔχει τὸ Εὐβοϊκὸν τάλαντον Ἀλεξανδρείους δραχμὰς ἑπτακισχιλίας App.Sic.2.2
; χοῖρος ἔχων τὸ ὕψος δύο καὶ ἡμίσους πήχεων Ptol.Euerg.9
.

b Geom., ἡ ἔχουσα τὰ κέντρα the (straight line) containing the centres, Archim.Aequil.1.6; ὁ κύκλος ἔχων τὸ πολύγωνον the circle containing (circumscribing) the polygon, Id.Sph.Cyl.1.23.

13 c. dupl.acc., Ὀρφέα ἄνακτ' ἔχειν E.Hipp. 953
; Ζῆν' ἔχειν ἐπώμοτον S.Tr. 1188
; παιδιὰν ἔ. τὸν ἐκείνου θάνατον Seleuc.
Alex. ap. Ath.4.155e.

II hold:

1 hold, ἔ. χερσίν, ἐν χερσίν, μετὰ χερσίν, etc., v. χείρ; μετὰ γαμφηλῇσιν ἔ. Il.13.200; πρόσθεν ἔ. ἀσπίδα ib. 157; ὑψοῦ, πασάων ὑπέρ, ὄπιθεν κάρη ἔ., 6.509, Od.6.107, Il. 23.136; ἔ. τινί τι to hold it for him, as his helper, 9.209, 13.600; uphold, οὐρανὸν.. κεφαλῇ τε καὶ ἀκαμάτῃσι χέρεσσι Hes.Th. 517
, 746; ἔχει δέ τε κίονας of Atlas, Od.1.53; ἐπ' ὤμων πατέρα S.Fr.
373.

2 hold fast, χειρὸς ἔχων Μενέλαον holding him by the hand, Il.4.154, cf. 16.763, 11.488 (v. infr. C.I); ἔ. τινὰ μέσον grip one by the middle, of wrestlers, Ar.Nu. 1047; ἔχομαι μέσος Id.Ach. 571
, cf. Eq. 388, Ra. 469: metaph., ἔ. φρεσί keep in one's mind, Il.2.33; νῷ ἔ. τινά Pl.Euthphr.2b
, cf. R. 490a.

3 of arms and clothes, bear, wear, εἷμα δ' ἔχ' ἀμφ' ὤμοισι Il.18.538
, cf. 595; παρδαλέην ὤμοισιν ἔ. 3.17
; σάκος ὤμῳ 14.376
; κυνέην κεφαλῇ Od.24.231
; τάδε εἵματ' ἔχω 17.24
, cf. 573, etc.; στολὴν ἀμφὶ σῶμα E.Hel. 554
, cf. X.Cyr.1.4.26, etc.; πολιὰς ἔχω I am grey-haired, Aeschin.1.49: abs., as a category, Arist.Cat. 2a3.

4 of a woman, to be pregnant, Hdt.5.41, Hp.Epid.4.21, Arist.Pol. 1335b18; in full ἐν γαστρὶ ἔ. Hdt.3.32
; also πρὸς ἑωυτῇ ἔχειν Hp.Epid.1.26
.ιγ.

b παῖδα ἔσχεν she had, i.e. bore, a child, Nic.Dam.11 J.

5 support, sustain, esp. an attack, c. acc. pers., Il.13.51, 20.27; cf. B.I.1, C. 111.

6 hold fast, keep close, ὀχῆες εἶχον [πύλας] 12.456; θύρην ἔχε μοῦνος ἐπιβλής 24.453
.

7 enclose, φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι Od.9.301
; σάρκας τε καὶ ὀστέα ἶνες ἔ. 11.219
; τοὺς δ' ἄκραντος ἔχει νύξ A.Ch.65
(lyr.); of places, contain, θηρῶν οὓς ὅδ' ἔχει χῶρος S.Ph. 1147
(lyr.), cf. X.Cyn.5.4; [τεῖχος] νῆας ἐντὸς ἔχον Il.12.8
; ὅσσους Κρήτη ἐντὸς ἔχει h.Ap.30
.

8 hold or keep in a certain direction, ὀϊστὸν ἔχε aimed it, Il.23.871; more fully χεῖράς τε καὶ ἔγχεα.. ἀντίον ἀλλήλων 5.569
; of horses or ships, guide, drive, steer, πεδίονδ' ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους 3.263
, cf. 11.760; φόβονδε 8.139
; τῇ ῥα.. ἔχον ἵππους 5.752
, etc.; παρὲξ ἔχε δίφρον Hes.Sc. 352
; ὅπῃ ἔσχες.. εὐεργέα νῆα Od.9.279
; παρὰ τὴν ἤπειρον ἔ. νέας Hdt.6.95
, etc.: abs., τῇ ῥ' ἔχε that way he held his course, Il.16.378, cf. 23.422; Πύλονδ' ἔχον I held on to Pylos, Od.3.182, cf. S.El. 720: metaph., ἐπὶ ῥητορείαν ἔσχε Hsch.Mil.
(?)ap.Sch.Pl.R. 600c; also (esp. in [tense] fut. σχήσω, [tense] aor. 2 ἔσχον), put in, land, νέες ἔσχον ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα χώρην Hdt. 6.92
; σχεῖν πρὸς τὴν Σαλαμῖνα Id.8.40
; ἐς Φειάν, τῷ Δήλῳ, κατὰ τὸ Ποσειδώνιον, Th.2.25,3.29, 4.129; τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχε S.Ph. 305
; ποῖ σχήσειν δοκεῖς; Ar.Ra. 188; ἔχε.. ἀρὰν ἐπ' ἄλλοις point it against others, S.Ph. 1119 (lyr.); ὄμμ' ἔ. to turn or keep one's eye fixed, Id.Aj. 191 (lyr.); ἐπὶ ἔργῳ θυμὸν ἔ. Hes.Op. 445
; ἄλλοσ' ὄμμα θητέρᾳ δὲ νοῦν ἔ. S.Tr. 272
; τὸν δὲ νοῦν ἐκεῖσ' ἔχει E.Ph. 360
; δεῦρο νοῦν ἔχε attend to this, Id.Or. 1181; πρός τινα or πρός τι τὸν νοῦν ἔ., Th.3.22, 7.19; so πρός τινα τὴν γνώμην ἔ. Id.3.25
.

9 hold in, stay, keep back, ἵππους Il.4.302
, 16.712; check, stop, [ τινα] 23.720, etc. ( σχήσω is usu. [tense] fut. in this sense, τὸ πεπρωμένον οὐ σιδάρεον σχήσει τεῖχος Pi.Fr. 232
, cf. Il.11.820, Ar.Lys. 284, D.19.272, but ἕξω Il.13.51
); χεῖρας ἔχων Ἀχιλῆος holding his hands, 18.33; but οὐ σχήσει χεῖρας will not stay his hands, Od.22.70; ἔ. [δάκρυον] 16.191; ἔ. ὀδύνας allay, assuage them, Il.11.848; ἔσχε κῦμα Od.5.451
; σιγῇ μῦθον 19.502
(so εἶχε σιγῇ καὶ ἔφραζε οὐδενί Hdt.9.93
); ἐν φρεσὶ μῦθον Od.15.445
; στόμα σῖγα, ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ, E.Hipp. 660, Fr.773.61 (lyr.); πόδα Id.IT 1159
; πόδα ἔξω or ἐκτός τινος ἔχειν, v. πούς:—[voice] Pass., οὖρα σχεθέντα Aret.SA 2.5
.

10 keep away from, c. gen.rei, τινὰ ἀγοράων, νεῶν, Il.2.275, 13.687; γόων S.El. 375
; φόνου E.HF 1005
: c.inf., ἦ τινα.. σχήσω ἀμυνέμεναι Il.17.182
; stop, hinder from doing, τοῦ μὴ καταδῦναι X. An.3.5.11
, cf. HG4.8.5; ἔσχον μὴ κτανεῖν E.Andr. 686
, cf. Hdt.1.158, etc.; μὴ οὐ τάδ' ἐξειπεῖν E.Hipp. 658
; ὥστε μή .. X.An.3.5.11; τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν A.Eu. 691
, cf. Hdt.5.101: also c. part., ἔ. τινὰ βουθυτοῦντα S.OC 888
(troch.); μαργῶντα E.Ph. 1156
.

11 keep back, withhold a thing, ὅς οἱ χρήματα εἶχε βίῃ Od.15.231
, cf. D.30.14; Ἕκτορ' ἔχει.. οὐδ' ἀπέλυσεν Il.24.115
, cf. 136; αὐτὸς ἔχε pray keep it, a civil form of declining, E.Cyc. 270.

12 hold in guard, keep safe, Il.24.730; of armour, protect, 22.322.

13 with predicate, keep in a condition or place, εἶχον ἀτρέμας σφέας αὐτούς Hdt.9.54
, cf. 53, Ar.Th. 230; ἔ. ἑωυτοὺς κατ' οἴκους Hdt.3.79
; σαυτὸν ἐκποδών A.Pr. 346
, cf. X.Cyr.6.1.37; σῖγα νάπη φύλλ' εἶχε E.Ba. 1085
; τοὺς στρατιώτας πολὺν χρόνον πειθομένους ἔ. X.Cyr.7.2.11
.

14 hold, consider, τινὰ θέᾳ ἰκέλαν Sapph. Supp.25.3
(dub.), cf. E.Supp. 164; τινὰ ὡς προφήτην Ev.Matt.14.5
; τινὰ ὅτι προφήτης ἦν Ev.Marc.11.32
; ἔχε με παρῃτημένον Ev.Luc.14.18
, cf.POxy.292.6 (i A.D.).

III c.inf., have means or power to do, to be able, c. [tense] aor. inf., Il.7.217, 16.110, etc.: c. [tense] pres. inf., Od.18.364, etc.; πόλλ' ἂν λέγειν ἔχοιμι S.Ph. 1047
: sts. with inf. omitted or supplied from context, ἀλλ' οὔ πως ἔτι εἶχε he could not, Il.17.354; οἷά κ' ἔχωμεν so far as we be able, Od.15.281; ἐξ οἵων ἔχω S.El. 1379
; ὅσον εἶχες E.IA 1452
; ὡς ἔχω Id.Hec. 614
.

b have to face, be obliged, παθεῖν Porph. Chr.63
; εἰ ἕξω βλαβῆναι Astramps.Orac.p.5
H.; βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι Ev.Luc.12.50
.

2 after Hom., οὐκ ἔχω, folld. by a dependent clause, I know not.., οὐκ εἶχον τίς ἂν γενοίμαν A.Pr. 905
, cf. Isoc.12.130; οὐδ' ἔχω πῶς με χρὴ.. ἀφανίσαι S.OC 1710
; οὐκ ἔχων ὅ τι χρὴ λέγειν X.Cyr.1.4.24
; οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ πέσω S.Tr. 705
; ὅπως μολούμεθ' οὐκ ἔχω Id.OC 1743
; the two constructions combined, οὐ γὰρ εἴχομεν οὔτ' ἀντιφωνεῖν οὔθ' ὅπως.. πράξαιμεν Id.Ant. 270
.

IV impers. c. acc., there is.. (as in Mod. Gr.), ἔχει δὲ φυλακτήριον πρὸς τὸ μή σε καταπεσεῖν PMag.Par.1.2505
, cf. 1262, 1840.

B intrans., hold oneself, i.e. keep, so and so, ἔχον [οὕτως], ὥς τε τάλαντα γυνή (sc. ἔχει) kept balanced, like the scales which.., Il.12.433; ἕξω δ' ὡς ὅτε τις στερεὴ λίθος I will keep unmoved, as a stone.., Od.19.494, cf. Il.13.679, 24.27; νωλεμέως ἐχέμεν 5.492
; ἔγχος ἔχ' ἀτρέμας it kept still, 13.557; σχὲς οὗπερ εἶ keep where thou art, S.OC 1169; ἕξειν κατὰ χώραν Ar.Ra. 793
, cf. Hdt.6.42, X.Oec.10.10; διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχοντες to keep on their guard, Th.2.81; ἔχε ἠρέμα keep still, Pl.Cra. 399e, etc.; ἔχε δή stay now, Id.Prt. 349e, Grg. 460a, etc.; ἔχ' αὐτοῦ D.45.26
.

2 hold fast, οὐδέ οἱ ἔσχεν ὀστέον Il.16.740
; cf. A.11.

6

3 c. gen., keep from, πολέμου Th.1.112
(cf. c. IV).

4 with Preps., to be engaged or busy, ἀμφί τι A.Th. 102
(lyr.), X.An.5.2.26, etc.; περί τινας Id.HG7.4.28
.

II simply, be, ἑκὰς εἶχον Od.12.435
; ἔ. κατ' οἴκους Hdt.6.39
; περὶ πολλῶν ἔ. πρηγμάτων Id.3.128
; ἀγῶνα διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχοντα consisting in.., Id.2.91; ἔ. ἐν ἀνάγκαισι E.Ba. 88
(lyr.); ὅπου συμφορᾶς ἔχεις Id.El. 238
; ἐκποδὼν ἔχειν Id.IT 1226
, etc.

2 freq. with Advbs. of manner, εὖ ἔχει Od.24.245
, etc.; καλῶς ἔχει, κακῶς ἔχει, it is, is going on well or ill, v. καλός, κακός (but [tense] fut. σχήσειν καλῶς will turn out well, D.1.9, cf. 18.45; εὖ σχήσει S.Aj. 684
); οὕτως.. σχεῖν to turn out, happen thus, Pl.Ap. 39b; οὕτως ἔχει so the case stands, Ar.Pl. 110; οὕτως ἐχόντων, Lat. cum res ita se habeant, X.An.3.2.10; ὡς ὧδ' ἐχόντων S.Aj. 981
; οὕτω χρὴ διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν Id.Ant. 639
; οὕτως ἔ. περί τινος X.Mem.4.8.7
, cf. Hdt.6.16; πρός τι D. 9.45
; τῇδ' ἔ. S.Ph. 1336
; κοσμίως ἔ. Ar.Th. 854
; ἥδιον ἔ. πρός τινας D.9.63
; ὡς εἶχε just as he was, Hdt.1.114; ὥσπερ εἶχε Th.1.134
, X. HG4.1.30; ὡς ἔχω how I am, Ar.Lys. 610; ὥσπερ ἔχομεν Th.3.30
; τἀναντία εἶχεν D.9.41
; ἀσφαλέως, ἀναγκαίως ἔχει, = ἀσφαλές, ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι, Hdt.1.86,9.27; καλῶς ἔχει no, I thank you, v. καλός.

b c. gen. modi, εὖ ἔ. τινός to be well off for a thing, abound in it; καλῶς ἔ. μέθης to be well off for drink, i.e. to be pretty well drunk, Hdt. 5.20; σπόρου ἀνακῶς ἐ. to be busy with sowing, Id.8.109; εὖ ἐ. φρενῶν, σώματος, E.Hipp. 462, Pl.R. 404d; εὖ ὥρας ἔχον χωρίον Poll.5.108
; cf. ἥκω; so ὡς ποδῶν εἶχον as fast as they could go, Hdt.6.116, 9.59; ὡς τάχεος εἶχε ἕκαστος Id.8.107
; ὡς.. τις εὐνοίας ἢ μνήμης ἔχοι Th.1.22
; ὡς ὀργῆς ἔχω S.OT 345
, cf. E.Hel. 313, 857, etc.; πῶς ἔχεις δόξης; Pl.R. 456d; οὕτω τρόπου ἔχεις X.Cyr.7.5.56
; μετρίως ἔ. βίου Hdt.1.32
; ὑγιεινῶς ἔ. αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ καὶ σωφρόνως Pl.R. 571d
; οὐκ εὖ σεαυτοῦ τυγχάνεις ἔχων Philem.4.11
: also c. acc., εὖ ἔ. τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὴν ψυχήν Pl.Grg. 464a
, cf. X.Oec.21.7: c. dat., οὕτως ἐχόντων τούτων τῇ φύσει D.18.315
; πῶς ἔχετε ταῖς διανοίαις Lycurg.75
; τῇ λέξει κακῶς ἔ. Isoc.9.10
.

III of direction, hold or turn towards, v. supr. A.11.8.

2 stand up, jut out, κίονες ὑψόσ' ἔχοντες Od.19.38
; δι' ὤμου ἔγχος ἔσχεν Il.13.520
.

3 lead towards, ὁδοὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν ἔ. Hdt.1.180
, cf. 191, 2.17; ἔ. εἴς τι to be directed, point towards, ἔχθρης ἐχούσης ἐς Ἀθηναίους Id.5.81
; τὸ ἐς τοὺς Ἀργείους ἔχον what concerns them, Id.6.19; ταῦτα ἐς τὴν ἀπόστασιν ἔχοντα ib.2, etc.; of Place, extend, reach to, ἐπ' ὅσον ἔποψις τοῦ ἱροῦ εἶχε Id.1.64
.

4 ἐπί τινι ἔ. have hostile feelings to wards.., Id.6.49, S.Ant. 987 (lyr.).

IV after Hom., ἔχω as auxiliary, c. [tense] aor. part. giving a perfect sense, κρύψαντες ἔχουσι Hes.Op.42
; ἀποκληΐσας ἔχεις Hdt.1.37
; ἐγκλῄσασ' ἔχει Ar.Ec. 355
, cf. Th. 706; freq. in S., θαυμάσας ἔχω OC 1140
, cf. Ant.22, al.: also in late Prose, ἀναλώσας ἔχεις Aristid. Or.18(20).1
; ὅς σφε νῦν ἀτιμάσας ἔχει E.Med.33
: less freq. c. [tense] pf. part., S.OT 701, Ph. 600, X.An.1.3.14,4.7.1: rarely c. [tense] pres. part., πατρίδα καταστένουσ' ἔχεις E.Tr. 318
(lyr.), cf. X.Cyn.10.11.

2 part. ἔχων, with [tense] pres., adds a notion of duration to that of present action, τί κυπτάζεις ἔ.; why do you keep poking about there? Ar.Nu. 509; τί δῆτα διατρίβεις ἔ.; why then keep wasting time? Id.Ec. 1151; τί γὰρ ἕστηκ' ἔ.; ib. 853, cf. Th. 473, 852: without interrog., φλυαρεῖς ἔ., ἔ. φλυαρεῖς, you keep chattering, Pl.Grg. 490e, Euthd. 295c; κακοῦν ἔχοντ' αὐτὸν ἀποκτιννύναι D.23.35
(and so possibly ἐνεργεῖ ἔ. Arist.Metaph. 1072b23
); παίσδεις ἔ. Theoc.14.8
: so in later Prose, παίζεις ἔ. Luc. Icar.24
; but ῥιπτεῖς ἔ.; do you throw away the prize when it is in your grasp? Aristid.1.443 J.

C [voice] Med., hold oneself fast, cling closely, τῷ προσφὺς ἐχόμην Od. 12.433
, cf. Il.1.513, etc.; πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν Od.5.329
: mostly c. gen., hold on by, cling to, [ πέτρης] ib. 429; χερσὶν ἀώτου 9.435
; βρετέων A. Th.98
(lyr.); ἑξόμεσθάσου Ar.Pl. 101
; τῆς πληγῆς ἔχ εται claps his hand on the place struck, D.4.40.

2 metaph., cleave, cling to, ἔργου Hdt. 8.11
, X.HG7.2.19; γεωργίας BGU7.6
(iii A.D.); τῶν πραγμάτων Jul. Or.1.19a
; βιοτᾶς, ἐλπίδος, E. Ion 491, Fr. 409; τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης Th.1.140
; lay hold on, take advantage of, τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἔχεο Thgn.32
; προφάσιος ἔχεσθαι Hdt.6.94
; fasten upon, attack, D.18.79; lay claim to, ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ἐπωνυμιέων Hdt.2.17
; to be zealous for, [ μάχης] S.OC 424; ἀληθείας Pl.Lg. 709c
; κοινῇ τῆς σωτηρίας X.An.6.3.17
, etc.

3 come next to, follow closely, ib.1.8.4; ἕπεσθαι ἐχομένους ὅτι μάλιστα τῶν ἁρμάτων Id.Cyr.7.1.9
; of peoples or places, to be close, border on, c. gen., Hdt.4.169, Th.2.96, etc.; freq. in part., τὴν ἐχομένην [τῶν νεωρίων] στοάν Aen. Tact.11.3; οἱ ἐ. the neighbouring people, Hdt.1.134; ὁ ἐχόμενος the next man, Aen.Tact.22.27; of Time, τὸ ἐχόμενον ἔτος the next year, Th.6.3; ὁ ἐ. διαλογισμός PRev.Laws 16.15
(iii B.C.); τὰ ἐχόμενα τούτοις what follows, Pl.Grg. 494e (without τούτοις Isoc.6.29
).

4 depend, ἔκ τινος Od.6.197
, 11.346: c. gen., σέο δ' ἕξεται Il.9.102
.

b to be connected with by etymology, τὸ θύειν τοῦ θυμιᾶν εἴχετο Porph.Abst.2.59
.

5 pertain to, ὅσα ἔχεται τῶν αἰσθήσεων Pl.Lg. 661b
; ἃ διδασκάλων εἴχετο Id.Prt. 319e
; ὅσα τέχνης ἔχεται Id.Men. 94b
, etc.: esp. in Hdt. in periphrases, τὰ τῶν ὀνειράτων, καρπῶν ἐχόμενα, 1.120, 193; ὀρνίθων ἢ ἰχθύων 2.77
; σιτίων, ἐσθῆτος, 3.25,66.

II bear or hold for oneself, κρήδεμνα ἄντα παρειάων σχομένη before her cheeks, Od.1.334; ἀσπίδα πρόσθ' ἔσχετο his shield, Il.12.294, cf. 298, 20.262.

III maintain oneself, hold one's ground, 12.126; ἔχεο κρατερῶς 16.501
.

2 c. acc., keep off from oneself, repel, 17.639 (unless σχήσεσθαι is [voice] Pass., cf. 9.235).

IV keep oneself back, abstain or refrain from, ἀϋτῆς, μάχης, 2.98, 3.84; βίης Od.4.422
; ἐχώμεθα δηϊοτῆτος ἐκ βελέων Il.14.129
; τῆς ἀγωγῆς Hdt.6.85
; τῆς τιμωρίης Id.7.169
; τῶν ἀθίκτων S.OT 891
(lyr., s.v.l.): c.inf., A.R.1.328; οὐκ ἂν ἐσχόμην τὸ μὴ ἀποκλῇσαι S.OT 1387
; κακῶν ἄπο χεῖρας ἔχεσθαι to keep one's hands from ill, Od.22.316; Μενέλεω σχέσθαι χέρα E.Rh. 174
: abs., σχέο, σχέσθε, hold! cease! Il.21.379, 22.416.

V [voice] Pass. of ἔχω B. 1
, ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν τὰ πρήγματα are balanced on.., Hdt.6.11.

------------------------------------

ἔχω (B),

A bear, carry, bring, imper. ϝεχέτω Schwyzer 686.24
(Pamphyl., iv B. C.): [ per.] 3sg. [tense] aor. 1
ἔϝεξε
brought as an offering, Inscr.Cypr. 66
H. (Cf. Skt. váhati, Lat. veho, Γαιάϝοχος.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔχω
13 Patent

Patent n (Pat.) PAT, RECHT patent, pat. • ein Patent anmelden PAT take out a patent • ein Patent erwirken PAT take out a patent • Patent ist angemeldet PAT application is pending
* * *

n (Pat.) <Patent, Recht> patent (pat.) ■ ein Patent anmelden < Patent> take out a patent ■ ein Patent erwirken < Patent> take out a patent ■ Patent ist angemeldet < Patent> application is pending

* * *
Patent
patent, (Patenturkunde) [letters] patent;
• Patent angemeldet patent pending;
• durch ein Patent geschützt patented;
• abgelaufenes Patent patent lapsed, expired patent;
• älteres Patent prior patent;
• angefochtenes Patent patent sued on, contested patent;
• angemeldetes Patent patent pending;
• später angemeldetes Patent subsequent patent;
• bahnbrechendes Patent pioneer patent;
• nebeneinander bestehende Patente coexisting patents;
• blockiertes Patent blocking-off patent;
• einwandfreies Patent clean patent;
• endgültiges Patent complete patent;
• erloschenes Patent expired patent;
• erteiltes Patent patent issued (granted);
• nicht mehr geschütztes Patent expired patent;
• grundlegendes Patent pioneer (basic) patent;
• gültiges Patent patent in force, valid patent;
• jüngeres Patent subsequent patent;
• mangelhaftes Patent defective patent;
• nichtiges Patent void patent;
• selbstständiges Patent independent patent;
• strittiges Patent conflicting patent;
• umfassendes Patent blanket patent;
• verfallenes Patent lapsed (expired) patent;
• Patent anfechten to attack (avoid) a patent;
• Patent anmelden to file an application (apply, put up) for a patent, to give notice of a patent;
• Erfindung zum Patent anmelden to patent an invention;
• Patent aufgeben to surrender a patent;
• Patent aufrechterhalten to maintain a patent;
• Patent ausstellen to issue a patent;
• Patent ausüben to work a patent;
• Patent auswerten to exploit a patent;
• Patent beantragen to seek a patent;
• gleichzeitig ein Patent für ein und dieselbe Erfindung beantragen to interfere (US);
• Patent berichtigen to amend a patent;
• Patent besitzen to hold a patent;
• Patent bewerten to appraise a patent;
• Patent eintragen to register a patent;
• Patent enteignen to acquire a patent compulsorily;
• Patent erhalten to take out a patent;
• Patent in Geltung erhalten to keep a patent in force (alive);
• Patent für nichtig erklären to revoke (annul, nullify) a patent;
• Patent erteilen to grant (issue) a patent;
• Patent ungenutzt lassen to shelve a patent;
• Patent verfallen lassen to forfeit (abandon, drop) a patent;
• Patent löschen to cancel a patent;
• Patent praktisch verwertbar machen to reduce a patent to practice;
• Patent missbrauchen to abuse a patent privilege;
• durch Patente schützen to protect by patents;
• Patent gegen Ausnutzung schützen to protect a patent from infringement;
• zum Patent angemeldet sein to be put up for patent;
• Patent auf eine Basis stützen to base an invention;
• Patent übertragen to assign a patent;
• Patent umgehen to circumvent a patent;
• Patent verlängern to extend a patent;
• Patent verletzen to infringe a patent;
• Patent versagen (verweigern, vorenthalten) to refuse a patent, to withhold [the grant of] a patent;
• Patent verwerten to realize a patent, to use a patented product;
• auf ein Patent verzichten to drop (abandon) a patent;
• auf ein unberechtigtes Patent verzichten to surrender a patent;
• erloschenes Patent wiederherstellen to revive an expired patent;
• Patent zurücknehmen to revoke a patent;
• Patentabänderung variance;
• scheinbare Patentabänderung zu Umgehungszwecken colo(u)rable alteration;
• Patentabgabe royalty;
• Patentablauf expiration (expiry) of a patent;
• Patentabteilung patent department;
• Patentabtretung assignment of a patent.

Business german-english dictionary > Patent
14 патент

сущ.

patent

аннулировать патент — to abate (abrogate, annul, avoid, cancel, revoke) a patent

брать патент — to patent; take out a patent

выдавать патент — to grant (issue) a patent

ограничивать объём патента — to limit (restrict) the scope of a patent

оспаривать патент — to attack (challenge) a patent

отказывать в выдаче патента — to withhold the grant of a patent

отказываться от права на патент — to abandon a patent

передавать (переуступать) право на патент — to assign (cede, transfer) a patent right

подавать заявку на патент — to file an application for a patent

получить патент — to acquire a patent

принимать решение о выдаче патента — to award a patent

скреплять патентпечатью — to attach a seal to a patent

аннулирование патента — abatement (abrogation, annulment, avoidance, cancellation, revocation) of a patent

выдача патента — grant (issue) of a patent

заявка на патент — application for a patent

начало действия патента — commencement of a patent

оценка патента — valuation of a patent

передача (переуступка) права на патент — assignment (cession, transfer) of a patent right

получение патента — acquisition of a patent

притязание на выдачу патента — claim for a patent

продление срока действия патента — extension of a patent term

регистрация патентов — record of patents

уступка патента — assignment (cession, transfer) of a patent

- патент на гражданство
- аннулированный патент
- выданный патент
- дополнительный патент
- зарубежный патент
- недействительный патент
- неоспоримый патент
- отечественный патент
- спорный патент

Русско-английский юридический словарь > патент
15 patent

1. n

патент

- additional patent
- apparatus patent
- article patent
- basic patent
- blocking-off patent
- borderline patent
- broad patent
- cancelled patent
- confirmed patent
- competing patent
- confirmation patent
- corresponding patent
- design patent
- device patent
- domestic patent
- drug patent
- existing patent
- expired patent
- fencing-in patent
- fencing-off patent
- foreign patent
- granted patent
- home patent
- improvement patent
- independent patent
- infringing patent
- inoperative patent
- invalid patent
- invalidated patent
- issued patent
- joint patent
- key patent
- lapsed patent
- letters patent
- litigious patent
- live patent
- main patent
- method patent
- minor patent
- modification patent
- national patent
- obtained patent
- parent patent
- prior patent
- process patent
- product patent
- questionable patent
- registered patent
- reinstated patent
- related patent
- secret patent
- small patent
- subordinate patent
- subsequent patent
- unexpired patent
- universal patent
- unjustified patent
- valid patent
- valuable patent
- void patent
- youngest patent
- patent for a design
- patent for improvement
- patent in addition
- patent on an invention
- abandon a patent
- annul a patent
- apply for a patent
- assign a patent
- attack a patent
- avoid a patent
- cancel a patent
- cede a patent
- circumvent a patent
- contest a patent
- deliver a patent
- dispute a patent
- dodge a patent
- drop a patent
- exploit a patent
- extend a patent
- file a patent
- forfeit a patent
- get a patent
- grant a patent
- have the right to a patent
- hold a patent
- infringe a patent
- invalidate a patent
- issue a patent
- litigate a patent
- maintain a patent in force
- nullify a patent
- obtain a patent
- oppose a patent
- practise a patent
- put a patent into practice
- receive a patent
- refuse a patent
- reinstate a patent
- reject a patent
- renew a patent
- retain a patent
- revoke a patent
- secure a patent
- sell a patent
- suppress a patent
- surrender a patent
- take out a patent
- transfer a patent
- use a patent
- vend a patent
- violate a patent
- withdraw a patent
- withhold a patent
2. v

патентовать

English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > patent
16 hold off

1. phr v удерживать, не пускать, держать поодаль

to hold off an enemy attack — отразить атаку противника

hold time — задержка пуска

to hold a pen — держать перо

hold on — держаться, вцепиться

hold the course — держать курс

to hold yare — держать наготове

2. phr v держаться поодаль; не подходить; не приходить

will the rain hold off until the evening? — может быть, дождь не пойдёт до вечера?

hold on! — держись!

hold tight! — держись крепче!

hold afloat — держался на плаву

hold aloft — держать над головой

to hold captive — держать в плену

3. phr v задерживаться; мешкать

do not hold off applying for a visa — обращайтесь за визой, не откладывая

hold one's breath — задерживать дыхание

hold up the paper — задерживать издание

hold over — откладывать; задерживать, медлить

hold for questioning — задерживать для допроса

hold back — сдерживать; удерживать; задерживать

Синонимический ряд:

1. defer (verb) adjourn; defer; delay; hold over; hold up; intermit; lay over; postpone; prorogue; put off; put over; remit; shelve; slacken; stand over; stay; suspend; table; waive

2. fend off (verb) fend off; keep off; rebuff; rebut; repel; repulse; stave off; ward off

3. keep (verb) abstain; forbear; keep; refrain; withhold

English-Russian base dictionary > hold off
17 provide

1. v снабжать; обеспечивать

to provide a boy with a good education — дать мальчику хорошее образование

to provide a car with a radio — оборудовать машину радиоприёмником

provide with — снабжать

provide meals — обеспечивать питание

provide signals — обеспечивать связь

provide with label — снабжать меткой

provide for supply — обеспечивать поставки

2. v обеспечивать

to provide for a large family — обеспечивать большую семью

provide for — обеспечивать; предусматривать

provide with showers — обеспечивать помывку

3. v предоставлять, давать

to provide meals — предоставить питание

to provide conditions for peaceful coexistence — обеспечить условия для мирного сосуществования

to provide a patrol — высылать дозор

to provide fire — вести огонь

provide to — предоставлять

4. v принимать меры, готовиться

to provide against a surprise attack — принять меры против внезапного нападения

to provide against inflation — принять меры против инфляции

provide for provide against — принимать меры против

5. v юр. предусматривать, обуславливать

the contract provides for payment in cash — договор предусматривает уплату наличными

6. v юр. запрещать

this contract provides against the resale of the goods — этот договор запрещает перепродажу товаров

provide against — запрещать

to provide against — запрещать

7. v церк. ист. предоставлять бенефиций до открытия вакансии

Синонимический ряд:

1. equip (verb) equip; outfit; supply

2. furnish (verb) afford; arrange; contribute; furnish; grant; offer; prepare; produce; ready; render; stock; yield

3. give (verb) deliver; dish out; dispense; feed; find; give; hand; hand over; transfer; turn over

4. keep (verb) keep; maintain; support; sustain

5. serve (verb) abet; accommodate; aid; assist; help; oblige; serve

Антонимический ряд:

deny; deprive; refuse; remove; take; withhold

English-Russian base dictionary > provide
18 ἐπέχω

ἐπέχω, [tense] fut. ἐφέξω (v. infr. IV. 1,2) and

A ἐπισχήσω E.Andr. 160
, D. 45.88: [tense] aor. ἐπέσχον, imper. ἐπίσχες, inf. ἐπισχεῖν; poet. ἐπισχέθοι A.Th. 453
(lyr.), ἐπέσχεθον A.R.4.1622
: [tense] pf. ἐπέσχηκα Supp.Epigr. 1.362.12
(Samos, iv B.C.):— have or hold upon, θρῆνυν.., τῷ κεν ἐπισχοίης (v.l. ἐπίσχοιας) λιπαροὺς πόδας Il.14.241
, cf. Od.17.410; ποτῷ κρωσσὸν ἐ. hold it to or for.., Theoc.13.46; λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες (sc. κόσμῳ) holding it out like a torch, Ep.Phil.2.16:—[voice] Med., hold by, χειρός A.R.4.751
.

II hold out to, present, offer, οἶνον ἐπισχών Il. 9.489
; ἐπέσχε τε οἶνον ἐρυθρόν Od.16.444
; κοτύλην.. ἐπέσχε Il.22.494
; εἴ ποτέ τοι.. μαζὸν ἐπέσχον ib.83, cf. E.Andr. 225; also γάλακτι δ' οὐκ ἐπέσχον οὐδὲ μαστῷ τροφεῖα ματρός I offered not mother's food with my breast, Id. Ion 1492: c. inf., πιεῖν ἐπέσχον Ar.Nu. 1382
: abs., Id. Pax 1167:—[voice] Med., ἐπισχόμενος (sc. τὴν κύλικα) ἐξέπιεν having put it to his lips, Pl.Phd. 117c, cf. Stesich.7, A.R.1.472, Luc.Tox.37; ἐπὶ χείλεσι.. μαστὸν ἐπισχομένη Euph.92
; present a sum of money, τῇ πόλει Supp.Epigr.l.c.

2 extend, spread out, τὴν πλεκτάνην Arist. HA 550b6
.

3 simply, hold, σκῆπτρα IPE2.37
([place name] Panticapaeum); of writings, contain, Philostr.VS2.24.2, cf. 2.9.1.

4 enjoin, impose a task, c. dat. pers., Procop.Arc.17, Vand.1.8.

III hold or direct towards, ἔπεχε τόξον σκοπῷ Pi.O.2.89
; ἄλλῳ ἐπεῖχε τόξα E.HF 984
:— [voice] Med., abs., ἐπισχόμενος βάλεν ἰῷ having aimed at him he hit him, Od.22.15.

b intr., aim at, attack, τί μοι ὧδ' ἐπέχεις; why thus launch out against me? 19.71; in tmesi, ἐπὶ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔχωμεν 22.75
; ἀλλήλοις ἐ. Hes.Th. 711
; ἄνδρα ἐπέχοντα τῷ Πύρρῳ Plu.Pyrrh. 16
; ἐπέχειν ἐπί τινα Hdt.9.59
; τὰς ἐπὶ σφίσι ναῦς ἐπεχούσας Th.8.105
; πρός τι Plu.Ant.66
: c. dat., ἀκτῇσιν ἐπέσχεθον held straight for the beach, A.R.4.1766: abs., E.Ba. 1131.

2 ἐπέχειν τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπί τινι direct one's mind to a thing, Pl.Lg. 926b; τῷ πολέμῳ τὴν γνώμην Plu.Aem.8
, etc.; also ἐ. ἑαυτόν τινι attend to him, Pl.R. 399b codd.

b abs., ἐπέχειν (sc. τὸν νοῦν) intend, purpose, c. inf., ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι Hdt.1.80
, cf. 153, 6.96: c. dat. rei, to be intent upon, ταῖς ἀρχαῖς, διαβάσει, etc., Ar.Lys. 490, Plb.3.43.2, etc.

3 stand facing, face in a line of battle, οὗτοι (sc. οἱ Μῆδοι) ἐπέσχον Κορινθίους Hdt.9.31
.

IV hold back, keep in check, ἐπέσχε δὲ καλὰ ῥέεθρα Il. 21.244
; καὶ πῶς ἐπέσχε χεῖρα μαιμῶσαν φόνου; S.Aj.50
; ἐπισχὼν ἡνίαν ib. 847; ἐπίσχωμεν τὸ πλεῖν Id.Ph. 881
; ὀργάς E.Hel. 1642
; οὐκ ἐφέξετε στόμα; Id.Hec. 1283
; χρησμοὺς ἐ. withhold them, Id.Ph. 866; ἐπέχειν τινὰ τῷ ξύλῳ keep him down with the stick, Ar. Pax 1121; τὸ εὐθέως ἐπιχειρεῖν Th.7.33
; confine, as the earth a corpse, AP7.461 (Mel.);
ἐ. τῇ χειρὶ τὸ στόμα
cover, Plu.Cat.Mi.28
; ἐπέχομεν τὴν ἐκπνοήν Gal.6.172
; τὰς διαχωρήσεις ἐ. Id.Vict.Att.12
:—[voice] Med., ἐπισχόμενος τὰ ὦτα Pl.Smp. 216a
:—[voice] Pass., τοῦ βάθους ἐπεσχημένου J. AJ5.1.3
; to be prevented, hindered, ὑπό τινος PFreib.11.13
(iv A.D.); of the menses, Gal.1.184.

b stay or adjourn proceedings, τὰ πρὸς Ἀργείους Th.5.46
; τὴν ζημίαν καὶ τὴν κατασκαφήν ib.63; τὴν δίαιταν D.21.84
; suspend payments, in [voice] Pass., PTeb.337.4 (ii/iii A.D.), cf. PGiss.48.11 (iii A.D.).

c ἐ. τινά τινος
stop, hinder from, E.Andr. 160
, Ar.Lys. 742, D.S.13.87: c. inf., σε μήτε νὺξ μήτε ἡμέρα ἐπισχέτω ὥστε ἀνεῖναι.. let them not stop thee so that thou neglect.., Th.1.129; ἐ. τινὰ μὴ πράσσειν τι S.El. 517
, Ph. 349; κλαυθμυρίζον τὸ βρέφος ἐπισχεῖν μὴ δυνάμεναι Sor.1.88
:—[voice] Pass., μηδενὸς ἐπεχομένου no objection being taken, PTeb.327.37 (ii A.D.).

d impers.,
ἐπέχει
there is a hindrance, Astramps.Orac.97.3
.

2 abs., stay, pause, Ἀντίνοος δ' ἔτ' ἐπεῖχε Od.21.186
; refrain, Hdt.1.32, 5.51, 7.139; εἰ δ' ἐφέξετον if you tarry, S.El. 1369, etc.: folld. by a Conj., esp. in imper., ἐπίσχες ἢν.. wait and see whether.., E.Supp. 397; ἐπίσχες ἔστ' ἂν.. προσμάθῃς A.Pr. 697
; ἐ. ἕως.. D.4.1
; μέχρι τοσούτου ἔως.. Th.1.90
; ἐπίσχες, abs., hold! stop! A.Ch. 896, S.OC 856, etc.; ἐπίσχετε, μηδὲ συρίξητε Timocl.2.6D.
; ἐπίσχετον, μάθωμεν S.Ph. 539
, cf. E. Hipp. 567; in part., ἐπισχὼν ὀλίγον χρόνον Hdt.1.132
, al.; τὸ ἐπισχεῖν, opp. τὸ παραχρῆμα, Antipho 5.73; οὐ πολὺν χρόνον ἐπισχὼν ἧκεν came after a short interval, Pl.Phd. 59e; μικρὸν ἐπισχόντα διεφθείροντο they very shortly died, Thphr.HP4.4.13, cf. Diocl.Fr.43; in Th.2.81 οὐκ ἐπέσχον τὸ στρατόπεδον καταλαβεῖν did not halt for the purpose of occupying a camp (unless it, = ' had no intention of occupying').

b c. gen. rei, stop or cease from, ἐπίσχες τοῦ δρόμου Ar.Av. 1200
; τῆς πορείας X.Cyr.4.2.12
; τούτου Th.8.31
; also ἐ. περί τινος Id.5.32
, cf. 8.5: so c. inf., leave off, cease to do, X.Mem.3.6.10: c. part., cease doing, ἀναλῶν οὐκ ἐφέξεις Ar.Eq. 915
(lyr.), cf. E.Ph. 449.

c as technical term of the Sceptics, suspend judgement, doubt, Str.2.1.11, Ph.1.387, S.E.P.1.196; ἐ. ἐν τοῖς ἀδήλοις Plu. 2.955c
; < πρὸς> τὰ ἄδηλα Arr. Epict.1.7.5
.

3 [voice] Med., maintain reserve, ἐπείχετο [ἡ σύγκλητος] κατὰ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Plb.30.19.17
(s. v.l.).

V reach or extend over a space, ἐπτὰ δ' ἐπέσχε πέλεθρα Il. 21.407
; ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος so far as the fire reached, 23.238, cf. Hdt.7.19, Th.2.77, f.l. in Hp.Aër.5, etc.: [tense] aor. [voice] Med., ἐπέσχετο he lay outstretched, Hes. Th. 177;
βούβρωστις ἐπέσχετο κόσμον
prevailed over.., Epigr.Gr.793.5
([place name] Apollonia); ἀφορία ἐ. τὸν βίον Longin.44.1
.

VI have power over, occupy a country, οἱ Σκύθαι τὴν Ἀσίην πᾶσαν ἐπέσχον Hdt.1.104
, cf. 108, 8.32, Th.2.101, 7.62, etc.; of things, ἐπ' ὀκτὼ μῆνας Κυρηναίους ὀπώρη ἐ. occupies or engages them, Hdt.4.199; τὴν πόλιν ἐπεῖχε κλαυθμός Plu.Oth.17
; ὧν τὰς χρόας τὸ
ἡμερινὸν φῶς ἐ.
overspreads, Pl.R. 508c
: κραυγῆς ἐπεχούσης τὴν ἐκκλησίαν D.S.13.87
; πρὸ τοῦ τὰ σώματα τὰς ὠδῖνας ἐπισχεῖν Sor.2.53
: generally, occupy, τὴν κρατίστην μοῖραν ἐ. hold the foremost place, Longin.9.1, cf. 44.12; ὕλης ἐ. τάξιν Stoic.3.27
; τὴν γῆν κέντρου λόγον ἐπέχουσαν D.L.7.155
, cf. Placit.3.Praef.; τὸν τέλειον ἐ. λόγον Gal.19.160
; δίκην ἐπέχειν ἡμᾶς φυτῶν we are like plants, MenoIatr. 6.18.

2 abs., prevail, predominate, ἢν μὴ λαμπρὸς ἄνεμος ἐπέχῃ Hdt.2.96
; σεισμοὶ ἐπέσχον ἐπὶ πλεῖστον μέρος γῆς Th.1.23
; πάντῃ ἐπεῖχε γαλήνη Timo 63; [
τῶν νεῶν] ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς θαλάσσης ἐπεχουσῶν
being spread over.., Th.1.50
; τὴν [τύχην].., ἣ νῦν ἐπέχει D.18.253
; ἐτησίων ἐπεχόντων Plb.5.5.6
.

b of Time, continue, τὴν θύραν ἐπεῖχε κρούων Ar.Ec. 317
;
ἐπέχων καὶ οὐκ ἀνιείς
continuously, Pl.Tht. 165e
; ἐπὶ πλείους ἡμέρας ὁ σεισμὸς ἐπεῖχεν D.C.68.25
; σκότος, νὺξ ἐπέσχε, came on, Plu.Mar.20, Crass.30, etc.

VII [voice] Med., [tense] fut. ἐπιέξομαι, meet, Orac. in Michel855.39 (Magn. Mae.).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπέχω
19 hold

hold ⇒ Capacity measurement

A n

1 (grasp, grip) prise f ; to get hold of attraper [rope, handle] ; to keep (a) hold of ou on tenir [ball, rail, hand] ; ⇒ catch, grab, grasp, seize, take ;

2 ( possession) to get hold of se procurer [book, ticket, document] ; [press] avoir vent de [story] ; découvrir [details, information] ;

3 ( contact) to get hold of ( by phone) joindre [person] ; ( by other means) trouver [person] ;

4 ( control) emprise f (on, over sur) ; to have a hold on ou over sb avoir de l'emprise sur qn ; to get a hold of oneself se reprendre ;

5 (storage, area) Aviat soute f ; Naut cale f ;

6 Sport ( in wrestling) prise f ; to have sb in a hold faire une prise à qn ;

7 (of hairspray, gel) fixation f ; normal/extra hold fixation normale/extra-forte.

B vtr ( prét, pp held)

1 ( clasp) tenir [object, hand, person] (above, over au-dessus de ; against contre) ; to hold sth in one's hand tenir qch à la main [brush, pencil, stick] ; ( enclosed) tenir qch dans la main [button, coin, sweet] ; to hold sth/sb by tenir qch/qn par [handle, stem, sleeve, leg] ; to hold one's stomach/head (in pain) se tenir l'estomac/la tête (à cause de la douleur) ; to hold sb (in one's arms) serrer qn dans ses bras ; to hold each other se serrer l'un contre l'autre ; can you hold my bag for me? tu peux me tenir mon sac? ;

2 ( maintain) to hold one's head upright/still tenir sa tête droite/immobile ; to hold one's hands apart/still tenir ses mains écartées/immobiles ; to hold a pose/smile garder une pose/un sourire ; to hold sth in place ou position maintenir qch en place ; to hold one's speed maintenir sa vitesse ;

3 ( arrange) organiser, tenir [meeting, talks] ; organiser [competition, ballot, demonstration, course, election] ; organiser, donner [party, reception] ; organiser, monter [exhibition, show] ; avoir [conversation] ; célébrer [church service] ; mener [enquiry] ; faire passer [interview] ; to be held avoir lieu ;

4 ( have capacity for) [box, case, tank] (pouvoir) contenir [objects, amount] ; [theatre, room] avoir une capacité de [350 people] ; the bus holds ten (people) le bus a dix places ; to (be able to) hold one's drink ou liquor tenir l'alcool ;

5 ( contain) [drawer, cupboard, box, case] contenir [objects, possessions] ;

6 ( support) [shelf, fridge, branch, roof] supporter [weight, load, crate] ; the branch won't hold you la branche ne supportera pas ton poids ;

7 ( restrain) [dam, wall] retenir, contenir [water, flood waters] ; [person] tenir [dog] ; maîtriser [thief] ; there is/there'll be no holding him fig on ne peut/pourra plus l'arrêter ;

8 ( keep against will) [police, kidnappers] détenir [person] ; to hold sb prisoner/hostage garder qn prisonnier/en otage ;

9 ( possess) détenir, avoir [shares, power, record, playing card] ; être titulaire de [degree, sporting title, cup] ; occuper [job, position] ; avoir, être en possession de [ticket, passport, licence] ; porter [title] ; Jur, gen [bank, computer, police, solicitor] conserver [document, information, money] ; avoir [mortgage] ;

10 ( keep back) garder [place, seat, ticket] ; faire attendre [train, flight] ; mettre [qch] en attente [letter, order] ; hold it ○ ! minute ○ ! ; hold everything! arrête tout! ; two burgers, but hold the mustard! deux hamburgers, sans moutarde ;

11 ( believe) avoir [opinion, belief] ; to hold sb/sth to be tenir qn/qch pour, considérer qn/qch comme ; to hold that [person] soutenir que ; [law, theory] dire que ; to hold sb liable ou responsible tenir qn pour responsable ;

12 ( defend successfully) Mil tenir [territory, city, bridge] ; Pol, Sport conserver [title, seat, lead, position] ; ( in tennis) to hold one's serve ou service gagner or remporter son service ; to hold one's own [person] se défendre tout seul (against contre) ; [army] tenir bon (against devant) ;

13 ( captivate) captiver [person, audience, class] ; capter, retenir [attention, interest] ;

14 Telecom to hold the line patienter, rester en ligne ; can you hold the line please ne quittez pas s'il vous plaît ;

15 Mus tenir [note] (for pendant) ;

16 Aut to hold the road tenir la route.

C vi ( prét, pp held)

1 ( remain intact) [rope, shelf, bridge, dam, glue] tenir ; fig ( also hold good) [theory, offer, objection, law] tenir ;

2 ( continue) [weather] rester beau/belle, se maintenir ; [luck] continuer, durer ;

3 Telecom patienter ;

4 ( remain steady) hold still! tiens-toi tranquille!

D v refl ( prét, pp held) to hold oneself upright/well se tenir droit/bien.

E on hold adv phr

1 Telecom en attente ; to put sb on hold Telecom faire patienter qn ; to put a call on hold Telecom mettre un appel en attente ;

2 to put one's plan/a project on hold gen laisser ses projets/un projet en suspens.

Phrasal verbs

■ hold against: to hold sth against sb reprocher qch à qn ; to hold it against sb that en vouloir à qn parce que ; I don't hold it against him/them je ne lui/leur en veux pas ; your age could be held against you ton âge pourrait jouer en ta défaveur.

■ hold back:

▶ hold back se retenir ; to hold back from doing se retenir de faire, préférer ne pas faire ;

▶ hold [sb/sth] back, hold back [sb/sth]

1 ( restrain) contenir [water, tide, crowd, animals] ; retenir [hair, tears] ; retenir [person] ; refouler [feelings] ; contenir [anger] ; to hold back one's laughter se retenir or s'empêcher de rire ;

2 ( prevent progress of) ( involuntarily) [person] retarder [person, group] ; ( deliberately) [person] retenir [person] ; [background, poor education] gêner [person] ; entraver [production, progress, development] ;

3 ( withhold) [person, government, organization] cacher [information, result] ; ( to protect privacy) tenir [qch] secret, ne pas divulguer [name, information, identity] ; [person, company] différer [payment].

■ hold down:

▶ hold [sb/sth] down, hold down [sb/sth]

1 ( prevent from moving) maintenir [qch] en place [tent, carpet, piece of paper] ; tenir, maîtriser [person] ;

2 ( press down) appuyer sur [pedal, key] ;

3 ( keep at certain level) limiter [number, rate, expenditure, costs, inflation] ; limiter l'augmentation de [wages, taxes, prices] ;

4 ( keep) ( not lose) garder [job] ; ( have) avoir [job].

■ hold forth péj disserter, pérorer pej (about, on sur).

■ hold in:

▶ hold [sth] in, hold in [sth]

1 ( restrain) réprimer, contenir [feeling, anger, disappointment] ;

2 ( pull in) rentrer [stomach, buttocks].

■ hold off:

▶ hold off [enemy] accorder un répit ; [creditors] accorder un délai ; I hope the rain holds off j'espère qu'il ne pleuvra pas ; the rain held off until after the match il s'est mis à pleuvoir après le match ; to hold off buying/making a decision reporter l'achat/la décision à plus tard ; he held off leaving until the weekend il a reporté son départ au week-end ;

▶ hold [sb] off, hold off [sb] tenir [qn] à distance [enemy, creditor, journalists] ; faire patienter [client] ;

▶ hold [sth] off repousser [attack].

■ hold on:

▶ hold on

1 ( wait) gen attendre ; Telecom patienter ; ‘hold on, I'll just get him’ ( on telephone) ‘ne quittez pas, je vais le chercher’ ;

2 ( grip) tenir (with de, avec) ; ‘hold on (tight)!’ ‘tiens-toi (bien)!’ ;

3 ( endure) [person, company] tenir ;

▶ hold [sth] on [screw, glue] maintenir [qch] en place ; to be held on with sth [door, handle, wheel] être maintenu par qch.

■ hold on to:

▶ hold on to [sb/sth]

1 ( grip) s'agripper à [branch, railing, rope] ; s'agripper à, se tenir à [person] ; ( to prevent from falling) agripper, retenir [person] ; serrer [object, purse] ; (bien) tenir [dog] ;

2 ( retain) conserver [power, title, lead] ; garder [shares, car] ; to hold on to one's dreams fig s'accrocher à ses rêves ; to hold on to one's ou the belief that persister à croire que ;

3 ( look after) garder [object] (for pour).

■ hold out:

▶ hold out

1 ( endure) tenir le coup, tenir bon ; to hold out against tenir bon devant [enemy, changes, threat] ;

2 ( remain available) [supplies, food, stocks] durer ;

▶ hold [sth] out, holdout [sth] tendre [glass, money, ticket] (to à) ; to hold out one's hand/leg tendre la main/la jambe ;

▶ hold out [sth] garder, conserver [hope] ; I don't hold out much hope je ne me fais guère d'illusions, je n'ai plus beaucoup d'espoir ; they don't hold out much hope of finding him ils ont perdu presque tout espoir de le retrouver ; to hold out for insister pour obtenir [pay rise, increase] ; to hold out on sb ○ cacher des choses à qn ; they know something, but they're holding out on us ils sont au courant mais ils nous cachent quelque chose.

■ hold over:

▶ hold [sth] over, hold over [sth]

1 ( postpone) ajourner [question, programme] ;

2 ( continue to show) maintenir [qch] à l'affiche [film] ; prolonger [show, exhibition].

■ hold to:

▶ hold to [sth] s'en tenir à [belief, opinion, decision] ;

▶ hold sb to [sth] faire tenir [qch] à qn [promise] ; faire honorer [qch] à qn [contract, offer] ; I'll hold you to that! je note!, je m'en souviendrai!

■ hold together:

▶ hold together

1 ( not break) [car, shoes, chair] tenir ;

2 ( remain united) [family, party] rester uni ; [alliance] rester intact ;

▶ hold [sth] together

1 ( keep intact) faire tenir [car, machine, chair] ; maintenir ensemble [papers, pieces] ; to be held together with sth tenir avec qch ;

2 ( unite) assurer la cohésion de [company, party, government] ; my mother held the family together la famille est restée unie grâce à ma mère.

■ hold up:

▶ hold up

1 ( remain intact) tenir, résister ; to hold up well [currency] résister ;

2 ( remain valid) [theory, argument] tenir ;

▶ hold [sb/sth] up, hold up [sb/sth]

1 ( support) soutenir [shelf, picture] ; tenir [trousers, stockings] ; to be held up by ou with sth tenir avec qch ;

2 ( raise) lever [object] ; to hold one's hand up lever la main ;

3 ( display) to hold sb/sth up as an example ou model of présenter qn/ qch comme un exemple de ; to hold sb up to ridicule tourner qn en ridicule, ridiculiser qn ;

4 ( delay) retarder [person, flight] ; ralentir [production, traffic] ; arrêter, interrompre [procession] ;

5 ( rob) attaquer [train, bank, person].

■ hold with: not to hold with ne pas être d'accord avec [idea, system] ; être contre [television, imitations etc] ; he doesn't hold with teaching children French il est contre le fait qu'on enseigne le français aux enfants.

Big English-French dictionary > hold
20 keep

keep [ki:p]

garder ⇒ 1A (a)-(c), 1B (e), 1D (d) mettre ⇒ 1A (c) retenir ⇒ 1B (d) avoir ⇒ 1C (b) tenir ⇒ 1C (c) vendre ⇒ 1C (d) élever ⇒ 1C (e) observer ⇒ 1D (b) maintenir ⇒ 1D (c) continuer ⇒ 2 (a) rester ⇒ 2 (b) se tenir ⇒ 2 (b) se conserver ⇒ 2 (c) aller ⇒ 2 (d)

(pt & pp kept [kept])

1 transitive verb

A.

(a) (retain → receipt, change) garder;

∎ you can keep the book I lent you vous pouvez garder le livre que je vous ai prêté;

∎ she's kept her English accent elle a gardé son accent anglais;

∎ please keep your seats veuillez rester assis;

∎ he's never kept a job for more than a year il n'a jamais gardé ou conservé le même emploi plus d'un an;

∎ to keep a secret garder un secret;

∎ to keep one's temper/composure garder son calme/son sang-froid;

∎ to keep one's figure garder la ligne;

∎ to keep its shape/colour (garment) conserver sa forme/couleur;

∎ to keep sth to oneself garder qch pour soi;

∎ they kept the discovery to themselves ils ont gardé la découverte pour eux;

∎ keep it to yourself! garde ça pour toi!;

∎ you can keep your snide remarks to yourself! tu peux garder tes remarques déplaisantes pour toi!;

∎ keep your hands to yourself! bas les mains!;

∎ to keep oneself to oneself rester dans son coin;

∎ they keep themselves very much to themselves ils ne se mêlent pas du tout aux autres;

∎ familiar if that's your idea of a holiday, you can keep it! si c'est ça ton idée des vacances, tu peux te la garder!;

∎ familiar tell him he can keep his rotten job! dis-lui qu'il peut se le garder, son sale boulot!

(b) (save) garder;

∎ to keep sth for sb garder qch pour qn;

∎ we've kept some cake for you on t'a gardé du gâteau;

∎ can you keep my seat? pouvez-vous (me) garder ma place?;

∎ we'll keep the tickets for you until Wednesday nous vous garderons les tickets jusqu'à mercredi;

∎ I'm keeping this cigar for later je garde ce cigare pour plus tard

(c) (store, put) mettre, garder;

∎ she keeps her money in the bank elle met son argent à la banque;

∎ I keep my comb in my pocket je mets toujours mon peigne dans ma poche;

∎ how long can you keep fish in the freezer? combien de temps peut-on garder ou conserver du poisson au congélateur?;

∎ where do you keep the playing cards? où est-ce que vous rangez les cartes à jouer?;

∎ I've got nowhere to keep my books je n'ai nulle part où mettre mes livres;

∎ keep out of the reach of children (on medicine, harmful products) ne pas laisser à la portée des enfants

B.

(a) (with adj complement) (maintain in the specified state) to keep sth clean/secret tenir qch propre/secret;

∎ to keep sb quiet faire tenir qn tranquille;

∎ to keep oneself warm (by staying in the warmth) se tenir au chaud; (by dressing warmly) s'habiller chaudement;

∎ to keep sth warm garder qch au chaud;

∎ the noise kept me awake le bruit m'a empêché de dormir, le bruit m'a tenu éveillé;

∎ to keep the door open/shut garder ou laisser la porte ouverte/fermée;

∎ the doors are kept locked les portes sont toujours fermées à clef;

∎ to keep sth up to date tenir qch à jour

(b) (with adv complement) (maintain in the specified manner or place) a well-kept/badly kept office un bureau bien/mal tenu;

∎ the weather kept us indoors le temps nous a empêchés de sortir;

∎ troops were kept on the alert les soldats ont été maintenus en état d'alerte;

∎ he kept his hands in his pockets il a gardé les mains dans les poches;

∎ keep your eyes on the red dot ne quittez pas le point rouge des yeux;

∎ keep the noise to a minimum essayez de ne pas faire trop de bruit

(c) (with present participle) to keep sb waiting faire attendre qn;

∎ keep the engine running n'arrêtez pas le moteur;

∎ we kept the fire burning all night nous avons laissé le feu allumé toute la nuit;

∎ to keep sth going (organization, business) faire marcher qch; (music, conversation) ne pas laisser qch s'arrêter;

∎ alcohol is the only thing that keeps me going l'alcool est la seule chose qui me permette de tenir (le coup)

(d) (delay) retenir;

∎ I hope I've not kept you j'espère que je ne vous ai pas retenu;

∎ what kept you? qu'est-ce qui t'a retenu?

(e) (detain) garder;

∎ to keep sb in hospital/prison garder qn à l'hôpital/en prison;

∎ the doctor kept him in bed le médecin l'a obligé à garder le lit;

∎ I don't want to keep you from your work je ne veux pas vous empêcher de travailler;

∎ there was nothing to keep me in England/with that company rien ne me retenait en Angleterre/dans cette entreprise

C.

(a) (support)

∎ he hardly earns enough to keep himself il gagne à peine de quoi vivre;

∎ she has a husband and six children to keep elle a un mari et six enfants à nourrir;

∎ it keeps me in cigarettes ça paie mes cigarettes;

∎ the grant barely keeps me in food ma bourse me permet tout juste de me payer de quoi manger

(b) (have as dependant or employee) avoir;

∎ he keeps a mistress il a une maîtresse;

∎ they keep a maid and a gardener ils ont une bonne et un jardinier

(c) (run → shop, business) tenir

(d) Commerce (have in stock) vendre;

∎ I'm afraid we don't keep that article je regrette, nous ne vendons pas ou nous ne faisons pas cet article

(e) (farm animals) élever;

∎ they keep pigs/bees ils élèvent des porcs/des abeilles

(f) (diary, list etc) tenir;

∎ my secretary keeps my accounts ma secrétaire tient ou s'occupe de ma comptabilité;

∎ to keep a record of events prendre les événements en note;

∎ to keep a note of sth noter qch

D.

(a) (fulfil → a promise) tenir;

∎ to keep one's word tenir sa parole

(b) (observe → silence) observer; (→ the Sabbath) respecter; (→ law) respecter, observer; (→ vow) rester fidèle à; (→ treaty) tenir, respecter, observer; (→ date, appointment) ne pas manquer;

∎ Religion to keep the commandments observer les commandements

(c) (uphold) maintenir;

∎ to keep order/the peace maintenir l'ordre/la paix;

∎ to keep a lookout faire le guet

(d) (guard) garder;

∎ to keep goal être gardien de but;

∎ to keep wicket (in cricket) garder le guichet;

∎ archaic God keep you! Dieu vous garde!

E.

(a) (prevent)

∎ to keep sb from doing sth empêcher qn de faire qch;

∎ nothing will keep me from going rien ne m'empêchera d'y aller

(b) (withhold)

∎ to keep sth from sb cacher qch à qn;

∎ to keep information from sb dissimuler des informations à qn;

∎ I can't keep anything from her je ne peux rien lui cacher;

∎ they deliberately kept the news from his family ils ont fait exprès de cacher les nouvelles à sa famille

2 intransitive verb

(a) (with present participle) (continue) continuer;

∎ letters keep pouring in les lettres continuent d'affluer;

∎ don't keep apologizing arrête de t'excuser;

∎ they keep teasing him ils n'arrêtent pas de le taquiner;

∎ to keep smiling garder le sourire;

∎ don't keep asking questions ne posez pas tout le temps des questions;

∎ I wish you wouldn't keep saying that j'aimerais bien que tu arrêtes de répéter cela;

∎ she had several failures but kept trying elle a essuyé plusieurs échecs mais elle a persévéré;

∎ to keep going (not give up) continuer;

∎ keep going till you get to the crossroads allez jusqu'au croisement;

∎ she kept going when everyone else had given up elle a continué alors que tous les autres avaient abandonné;

∎ with so few customers, it's a wonder the shop keeps going avec si peu de clients, c'est un miracle que le magasin ne ferme pas

(b) (stay, remain) rester, se tenir;

∎ to keep quiet se tenir ou rester tranquille;

∎ keep calm! restez calmes!, du calme!;

∎ she kept warm by jumping up and down elle se tenait chaud en sautillant sur place;

∎ keep to the path ne vous écartez pas du chemin;

∎ to keep in touch with sb rester en contact avec qn;

∎ to keep to oneself se tenir à l'écart

(c) (last, stay fresh) se conserver, se garder;

∎ it will keep for a week in the refrigerator vous pouvez le garder ou conserver au réfrigérateur pendant une semaine;

∎ what I've got to tell you won't keep till tomorrow ce que j'ai à te dire n'attendra pas jusqu'à demain;

∎ will it keep till later? (news) est-ce que ça peut attendre?

(d) (in health) aller;

∎ how are you keeping? comment allez-vous?, comment ça va?;

∎ I'm keeping well je vais bien, ça va (bien);

∎ she doesn't keep well elle ne jouit pas d'une bonne santé

3 noun

(a) (board and lodging)

∎ the grant is supposed to be enough to pay your keep la bourse est censée vous permettre de payer la nourriture et le logement;

∎ he gives his mother £50 a week for his keep il donne 50 livres par semaine à sa mère pour sa pension;

∎ to earn one's keep = payer ou travailler pour être nourri et logé;

∎ our cat certainly earns his keep notre chat vaut bien ce qu'il nous coûte

(b) Architecture & History (in castle) donjon m

(c) (idiom) familiar

∎ for keeps pour de bon^□

➲ keep at

1 separable transitive verb

∎ the sergeant kept us hard at it all morning le sergent nous a fait travailler toute la matinée

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (pester) harceler;

∎ she kept at him until he agreed elle l'a harcelé jusqu'à ce qu'il accepte

(b) (idiom)

∎ to keep at it persévérer;

∎ he kept at it until he found a solution il a persévéré jusqu'à trouver une solution

➲ keep away

1 separable transitive verb

tenir éloigné, empêcher d'approcher;

∎ keep the baby away from the fire empêche le bébé d'approcher du feu;

∎ the rain kept a lot of spectators away la pluie a dissuadé bien des spectateurs de venir;

∎ keep that dog away (from me)! tenez ce chien loin de moi!;

∎ the wind will keep the rain away le vent empêchera la pluie

2 intransitive verb

ne pas s'approcher;

∎ keep away (from me)! n'approchez pas!;

∎ keep away from the cooker ne t'approche pas de la cuisinière;

∎ keep away from those people évitez ces gens-là;

∎ I felt my visits were unwelcome and so I kept away je n'avais pas l'impression que mes visites étaient bienvenues, alors je n'y suis plus allé;

∎ I can't keep away from chocolates je ne peux pas résister quand je vois des chocolats

➲ keep back

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (keep at a distance → crowd, spectators) tenir éloigné, empêcher de s'approcher

(b) (not reveal → names, facts) cacher;

∎ I'm sure he's keeping something back (from us) je suis sûr qu'il (nous) cache quelque chose

(c) (retain) retenir;

∎ part of our salary is kept back every month une partie de notre salaire est retenue tous les mois

(d) (detain) retenir;

∎ to be kept back after school être en retenue;

∎ School to be kept back a year redoubler

(e) (restrain) retenir;

∎ he struggled to keep back the tears il s'est efforcé de retenir ses larmes

2 intransitive verb

rester en arrière, ne pas s'approcher;

∎ keep back! restez où vous êtes!, n'approchez pas!

➲ keep behind separable transitive verb

(after meeting, class) retenir

➲ keep down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (not raise) ne pas lever;

∎ keep your head down! ne lève pas la tête!, garde la tête baissée!;

∎ keep your voices down! parlez moins fort ou plus bas

(b) (prevent from increasing) limiter;

∎ we must keep our expenses down il faut que nous limitions nos dépenses;

∎ our aim is to keep prices down notre but est d'empêcher les prix d'augmenter;

∎ to keep one's weight down garder la ligne

(c) (repress) réprimer; (control → vermin, weeds) empêcher de proliférer;

∎ the army kept the population/the revolt down l'armée a tenu la population en respect/a maté la révolte;

∎ you can't keep a good man down rien n'arrête un homme de mérite

(d) (food) garder;

∎ she can't keep solid foods down son estomac ne garde aucun aliment solide

(e) School faire redoubler;

∎ to be kept down a year redoubler une année

2 intransitive verb

ne pas se relever;

∎ keep down! ne vous relevez pas!

➲ keep from inseparable transitive verb

s'empêcher de, se retenir de;

∎ I couldn't keep from laughing je n'ai pas pu m'empêcher de rire

➲ keep in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (not allow out) empêcher de sortir; School donner une consigne à, garder en retenue;

∎ the bad weather kept us in le mauvais temps nous a empêchés de sortir;

∎ they're keeping him in overnight (in hospital) ils le gardent pour la nuit

(b) (fire) entretenir

(c) (stomach) rentrer

(d) (idiom)

∎ to keep one's hand in garder la main

2 intransitive verb

(not go out) ne pas sortir, rester chez soi

➲ keep in with inseparable transitive verb

∎ to keep in with sb ne pas se mettre mal avec qn

➲ keep off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (dogs, birds, trespassers) éloigner; (rain, sun) protéger de;

∎ this cream will keep the mosquitoes off cette crème vous/le/te/ etc protégera contre les moustiques;

∎ keep your hands off! pas touche!, bas les pattes!

(b) (coat, hat) ne pas remettre

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (avoid) éviter;

∎ keep off drink and tobacco évitez l'alcool et le tabac;

∎ we tried to keep off the topic on a essayé d'éviter le sujet

(b) (keep at a distance from) ne pas s'approcher de;

∎ keep off the grass (sign) pelouse interdite

3 intransitive verb

(a) (keep at a distance) ne pas s'approcher;

∎ that's mine, keep off! c'est à moi, n'y touchez pas!

(b) (weather)

∎ the rain/snow kept off il n'a pas plu/neigé;

∎ if the storm keeps off si l'orage n'éclate pas

➲ keep on

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (coat, hat) garder

(b) (employee) garder

(c) (not turn off)

∎ to keep the central heating on laisser le chauffage central en marche;

∎ don't keep the lights on all day ne laissez pas la lumière allumée toute la journée

2 intransitive verb

(a) (continue) continuer;

∎ keep on until you come to a crossroads continuez jusqu'à ce que vous arriviez à un carrefour;

∎ they kept on talking ils ont continué à parler;

∎ don't keep on asking questions ne posez pas tout le temps des questions;

∎ I keep on making the same mistakes je fais toujours les mêmes erreurs

(b) familiar (talk continually) parler sans cesse;

∎ he keeps on about his kids il n'arrête pas de parler de ses gosses;

∎ don't keep on about it! ça suffit, j'ai compris!;

∎ he just keeps on and on about it il n'arrête pas d'en parler

➲ keep on at inseparable transitive verb

familiar (pester)

∎ to keep on at sb (to do sth) harceler qn (pour qu'il fasse qch)^□

➲ keep out

1 separable transitive verb

empêcher d'entrer;

∎ a guard dog to keep intruders out un chien de garde pour décourager les intrus;

∎ a scarf to keep the cold out une écharpe pour vous protéger du froid

2 intransitive verb

ne pas entrer;

∎ keep out (sign) défense d'entrer, entrée interdite;

∎ to keep out of an argument ne pas intervenir dans une discussion;

∎ to keep out of danger rester à l'abri du danger;

∎ try to keep out of trouble essaie de ne pas t'attirer d'ennuis

➲ keep to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (observe, respect) respecter;

∎ you must keep to the deadlines vous devez respecter les délais

(b) (not deviate from) ne pas s'écarter de;

∎ to keep to the script (actors) s'en tenir au script;

∎ keep to the point or the subject! ne vous écartez pas du sujet!;

∎ keep to the main roads when it's icy restez sur les grandes routes quand il y a du verglas

(c) (stay in) garder;

∎ to keep to one's room/bed garder la chambre/le lit

➲ keep together

1 separable transitive verb

ne pas séparer;

∎ I'd like them to be kept together j'aimerais qu'ils ne soient pas séparés

2 intransitive verb

rester ensemble

➲ keep under separable transitive verb

(a) (repress) réprimer

(b) (with drug)

∎ he's being kept under with Pentothal on le garde sous Pentothal

➲ keep up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (prevent from falling → shelf, roof) maintenir;

∎ I need a belt to keep my trousers up j'ai besoin d'une ceinture pour empêcher mon pantalon de tomber;

∎ figurative it will keep prices up ça empêchera les prix de baisser;

∎ it's to keep the troops' morale up c'est pour maintenir le moral des troupes;

∎ keep your spirits up! ne te laisse pas abattre!

(b) (maintain → attack, bombardment) poursuivre; (→ correspondence, contacts, conversation) entretenir;

∎ you have to keep up the payments on ne peut pas interrompre les versements;

∎ she kept up a constant flow of questions elle ne cessait de poser des questions;

∎ it's a tradition which hasn't been kept up c'est une tradition qui s'est perdue;

∎ keep up the good work! c'est du bon travail, continuez!;

∎ you're doing well, keep it up! c'est bien, continuez!;

∎ once they start talking politics, they can keep it up all night une fois lancés sur la politique, ils sont capables d'y passer la nuit

(c) (prevent from going to bed) empêcher de dormir;

∎ the baby kept us up all night nous n'avons pas pu fermer l'œil de la nuit à cause du bébé

(d) (not allow to deteriorate → house, garden) entretenir;

∎ the lawns haven't been kept up les pelouses n'ont pas été entretenues;

∎ she goes to evening classes to keep up her French elle suit des cours du soir pour entretenir son français

2 intransitive verb

(a) (continue) continuer;

∎ if this noise keeps up much longer, I'm going to scream! si ce bruit continue, je crois que je vais hurler!

(b) (not fall) se maintenir;

∎ if prices keep up si les prix se maintiennent;

∎ how are their spirits keeping up? est-ce qu'ils gardent le moral?

(c) (not fall behind) suivre;

∎ he's finding it hard to keep up in his new class il a du mal à suivre dans sa nouvelle classe;

∎ things change so quickly I can't keep up les choses bougent si vite que j'ai du mal à suivre

➲ keep up with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (stay abreast of)

∎ to keep up with the news se tenir au courant de l'actualité;

∎ I can barely keep up with her (she changes so much) ça change tellement vite avec elle que j'ai du mal à suivre;

∎ to keep up with the times être à la page

(b) (keep in touch with) rester en contact avec;

∎ have you kept up with your cousin in Australia? est-ce que tu es resté en contact avec ton cousin d'Australie?

(c) (remain level with)

∎ to keep up with sb aller à la même allure que qn;

∎ I can't keep up with you vous marchez/parlez/ etc trop vite pour moi;

∎ he couldn't keep up with the rest of the children in his class il n'arrivait pas à suivre dans sa classe

✾ Book ✾ Film 'Keep the Aspidistra Flying' Orwell, Biermann 'Et vive l'aspidistra!'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > keep

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withhold an attack

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